That was the impetus for criminalising squatting in residential properties.
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Laws criminalising "hate speech" are inevitably vague and open to abuse.
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A law specifically criminalising violence against women and children was enacted in 1853.
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De-criminalising suicide has also made it easier to discuss and investigate the issue.
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However, criminalising clients (the so-called Nordic model) isn't going to make anyone safer.
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Han Ga-ram, a human-rights lawyer, says the measure is tantamount to criminalising homosexuality.
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In June 2018, a bill criminalising the offence was blocked by Conservative MP Christopher Chope.
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The Tasmanian law criminalising gay men was only overturned in 1997, following a High Court battle.
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In 2015, Thailand enacted a law specifically criminalising discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation.
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But people who use this sexism to justify criminalising men who buy sex are being disingenuous.
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The WADA had extended the deadline to May 2 for Kenya to approve the law criminalising doping.
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Now the party seems to be bent on criminalising or marginalising many previously acceptable means of expression.
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What counts as offensive is subjective, so "hate speech" laws can be elastic tools for criminalising dissent.
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This is not a question of pancing along stop the criminalising of babies and separating them from their families.
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But rights groups were outraged that authorities watered it down so much it fell short of criminalising marital rape.
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They also stated that criminalising gay sex amounted to a violation of the fundamental rights of the LGBT community.
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Mozambique Two articles in Mozambique's Portuguese colonial-era penal code criminalising "vices against nature" were repealed in 2014. 8.
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"I'm not interested in getting anybody thrown out of a football match, I'm not interested in criminalising anybody," Chris says.
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The ruling overturns a verdict in 2013 that upheld a law from the days of the British Raj criminalising gay sex.
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Last June the Duma, Russia's parliament, adopted a law criminalising the beating of household members and mandating strict penalties for offenders.
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In September, New South Wales announced it would introduce a law criminalising the distribution of intimate or explicit images without consent.
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The Philippines does not have laws criminalising homosexuality, but there are no laws protecting the community in the majority Roman Catholic nation.
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President Barack Obama's justice department acknowledged that it could not prosecute Mr Assange's leaking without criminalising the quotidian work of the media.
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The Polish government, led by Law and Justice, a radical nationalist party, appears intent on politicising historical discussion—and even criminalising it.
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SOFIA (Reuters) - U.N. human rights chief Zeid Ra'ad al-Hussein accused Bulgaria on Thursday of committing systematic human rights violations by criminalising migrants.
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Other arrests followed in other regions and a law criminalising caporalato arrangements was adopted by parliament by the end of the same year.
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In Singapore, a colonial-era law criminalising sex between men is still in place, even as public support for same-sex marriage is growing.
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Angola In January 210 Angola removed a ban on "vices against nature" from its penal code, which had been interpreted as criminalising gay sex. 22012.
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France follows Northern Ireland, Canada, Sweden, Norway and Iceland in introducing laws designed to punish the client without criminalising those who have been driven into prostitution.
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Laws criminalising homosexuality in Zimbabwe carry penalties of up to three years in jail, and police often arrest gays, then set them free without bringing charges.
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Criminalising actions such as encouraging terrorism is intended to allow officers to intervene before more serious crimes take place, says Lord Macdonald, a former director of public prosecutions.
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Criminalising something as subjective as the giving of offence encourages more people to say they are offended, so they can use the law to suppress views they dislike.
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Some members of parliament want to make matters worse by forcing users of Facebook and Twitter to register with the government and further criminalising "insults" against the state.
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An activist who campaigned for this for years says Republicans mostly seek economic gains from a bigger workforce, while Democrats talk of social fairness and not criminalising poverty.
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Mr Milonov is known for his role in criminalising "homosexual propaganda directed toward minors" in 2013 and has now taken issue with the EUSP's "unscientific" approach towards LGBT communities.
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Countries have been divided over how to address prostitution with some such as Canada, Sweden and Norway introducing laws to punish the client without criminalising those in sex work.
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Scrapping Sections 213 and 214 of the code, criminalising "unnatural sex" - widely read as homosexuality - still needs to be ratified by Bhutan's upper house, the National Council, to become law.
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On Monday, the state of New South Wales (NSW) announced it would follow Victoria and South Australia in introducing a law criminalising the distribution of intimate or explicit images without consent.
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The 16,000-member Ohio State Medical Association says it doesn't take positions on abortion but opposes both bills for criminalising or otherwise penalising a procedure that is part of standard care.
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Ukraine passed a law criminalising illicit enrichment in 2015 but the constitutional court overturned the law in February, sparking concern among anti-corruption campaigners, the anti-corruption bureau and Ukraine's overseas backers.
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Seidel was inspired by activist Gina Martin, who spearheaded a similar campaign in Britain, leading to a new law in April criminalising the surreptitious taking of photos or videos under women's clothing.
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Under a little-used German law criminalising the defamation of foreign leaders, Jan Böhmermann faces up to three years in prison for a poem that involved ludicrous sexual innuendoes regarding Mr Erdogan and animals.
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"It is clear that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the crime of sedition was overly broad and resulted in criminalising legitimate acts of protest," said Daniel Joloy, a senior policy advisor with Amnesty International.
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In April a court in Trinidad and Tobago overturned laws criminalising gay sex as unconstitutional, and Jamaica's prime minister, Andrew Holness, said he would not ban homosexuals from his cabinet, as one of his predecessors did.
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Kenya's president in April signed into law a bill criminalising doping that was demanded by the World Anti-Doping Agency to avoid a Rio ban and the government has promised a tighter rein in the future.
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"RUSAF has made further progress since June including anti-doping education modules and securing the co-operation of the Russian criminal authorities and parliament in criminalising the supply of doping products," Andersen told a news conference.
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Jennifer Robinson, Assange's lawyer, says his case could lead to criminalising activities crucial to investigative journalists and his work has shed an unprecedented light on how the United States conducted its wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Other arguments are also persuasive in the push for full legalisation, such as racial disparities in prosecutions, the social and judicial costs of criminalising so many users, and the profits and taxes a legal industry might generate.
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NEW DELHI, June 7 (Reuters) - Bhutan's lower house of parliament voted on Friday to scrap laws criminalising homosexuality, local media and activists said, becoming the latest Asian nation to take steps towards easing restrictions on same-sex relationships.
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While gay marriage has been legalised in countries such as the United States, France, Sweden, Spain and Nepal in the last few years, India stands with countries such as Ghana, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in criminalising homosexuality.
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"The kingdom has spared no effort in combating and criminalising criminal conduct that could undermine, threaten or violate human rights, notably extremism, terrorism and corruption, and illustrating the contradiction between these acts and the principles of Islamic sharia," he said.
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President Cyril Ramaphosa, who took a virus test that came back negative on Wednesday, has been praised for ordering some of the toughest measures on the continent - including calling out the army to enforce the lockdown and criminalising deliberately spreading false information.
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In August, Lebanese legislators voted to abolish a law allowing rapists to avoid prosecution if they marry their victims, but two similar laws mean that the loophole still applies if the victim is aged between 15 and 18 (there is also no law criminalising marital rape).
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It takes in the fatwa against Salman Rushdie, the Muhammad cartoons, French changes of mind on religious dress in public, arguments for and against laws criminalising hate speech and American court rulings on religious exemptions (yes for Amish non-schooling, no for Mormon polygamy and the ritual use of mescaline).
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Scotland Against Criminalising Communities (SACC) is a voluntary grassroots organisation that campaigns against Britain's terrorism laws, including detention without charge or trial, and other laws that have the effect of criminalising political activity. SACC works in solidarity with those communities most affected by the anti-terrorism laws and it has also campaigned on a number of other human rights issues closely related to the 'war on terror'.Campaign Against Criminalising Communities, A Permanent State of Terror?: Editors Estella Schmid and David Morgan, Campaign Against Criminalising Communities (CAMPACC), 2003,in association with Index on Censorship, SACC argues that terrorism laws are unnecessary and unjust and crimes connected with terrorism are better dealt with by ordinary criminal law.
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Apart from Article 175 of the Criminal Code criminalising purchasing sexual services from underage, coerced or trafficked prostitutes, clients commit no offence. In 2012, the Ministry of the Interior proposed criminalising clients but this was never presented to the Croatian Parliament. The Ministry also made similar proposals in May 2016.
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In December 2016, Chad passed a law criminalising both male and female same-sex sexual activity by a vote of 111 to 1.
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The criminalising of innocence in an environment of poverty and crime echoes the predicament of Oliver in Oliver Twist, but with a starkly different outcome.
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Changes passed by the Fidesz government have given citizens the right to use arms for self-defense on one's own property. Fidesz has passed legislation criminalising homelessness.
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The original case in the Irish courts was Norris v. Attorney General, introduced in 1977 and decided by the Supreme Court of Ireland in 1983. Norris's Senior Counsel was fellow member of the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform, Mary Robinson, who in 1990 would become the first female President of Ireland. The Irish courts ruled that Norris's right to privacy was not violated by the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (criminalising "buggery") and the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 (criminalising "gross indecency").
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The Victorian era laws criminalising male homosexual acts throughout Great Britain and Ireland, the Offences against the Person Act 1861 and Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, remained in effect well into the 20th century.
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Choice in Personal Safety The SIF also publishes a journal, The Individual. They are a member of Backlash, which was formed in 2005 in order to oppose a new law criminalising possession of "extreme pornography".
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In March 2019, Russia's Federal Assembly has passed a law criminalising fake news or insulting the Russian president, the prime minister, and foreign heads of state, then facing up to 15 days imprisonment, and fined up to 30,000 rubles.
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In 2009, he moved to the Chair of the Committee for legislation. In 2011 he was re-elected as an MLA. While in the legislature, Milonov was the principal sponsor of legislation criminalising "homosexual propaganda directed toward minors".Schwirtz, Michael.
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As part of its Universal Periodic Review in 2019, Cyprus received seven recommendations pertaining to LGBT rights, including combating discrimination and violence, criminalising harassment, adopting an action plan against homophobia and transphobia, and adopting a gender recognition law. It accepted all seven recommendations.
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Legality of cannabis around the world. Blue is legal and Pink is illegal but not enforced. In most states, only government-authorised dealers are allowed to sell bhang. Attempts at criminalising cannabis in British India were made, and mooted, in 1838, 1871, and 1877.
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In Belgium, cockfights have been prohibited in 1867. In 1929 all organised fights between animals were banned. In 1986 and 1991, the animal welfare act was amended by also criminalising attendance of cockfights. Offenders risk six months imprisonment and a fine of 2,000 euros.
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The creation of a new offence for squatting was proposed by Mike Weatherley, Member of Parliament (MP) for Hove in East Sussex, who had been campaigning against squatting since being elected to Parliament in 2010. In a consultation held in 2011, the government raised the option of criminalising squatting in commercial (non-residential) properties. Following responses to the consultation indicating a lower level of concern over such squatting, it indicated that it had no current plans to extend the definition of the offense. At the time, polling indicated the public were largely in favour of criminalising squatting, with a YouGov poll finding eight out of ten people agreed with the change.
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The previous civil judgement was declared nullified.John S. Moir. “Canadian Protestant Reaction to the Ne Temere Decree”, (PDF) CCHA Studv Sessions, 48(1981), 78-90. (Retrieved 2018-07-22.) In New South Wales in 1924, the legislature came within one vote of criminalising the promulgation of the decree.
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Former judge Alan Goldsack QC has also praised the policy calling for the UK Government to go further and to forcibly remove children from 'criminal families' at birth and to place them for adoption. His remarks have been strongly criticised and he has been accused of "criminalising babies".
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The way in which legislation (and usually criminalisation) of FGM is enacted, differs from country to country. Some countries' constitutions ban FGM, others have adopted specific laws criminalising FGM, others have subsumed prohibitions on FGM in wider criminal legislation on either child protection, violence against women, sexual violence, or physical assault. In EU member states, there is a trend to criminalise FGM in specific rather than general criminal law provisions; by 2013, 10 states of 28 (including Croatia and the UK) had done so. By March 2020, Estonia, Germany, Malta and Portugal had also introduced explicit provisions criminalising FGM, so that 14 out of the current 27 EU Member States have specific anti-FGM legislation.
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"Hemp" is legally allowed to be used on the island as a herb. The colonial law criminalising cannabis has been amended to ensure that nothing "shall affect the lawful import, export, supply, manufacture, use, or possession of galenical preparations (extract and tincture) of the hemp plant". Cannabis is not criminalised for medical purposes.
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Country Profile: Mongolia, BBC. The press, in all forms, carries criticism of the government and "heavy-handed" police tactics during demonstrations,Mongolian media comment on police's "heavy-handed" handling of protesters. Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, 18 November 2002. though journalists remain at risk of laws criminalising defamation and reporting on "state secrets".
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Under Article 149 in The Criminal Code of Ukraine, which concerns trafficking of human beings, trafficking of individuals is punishable by law with imprisonment for a term of three to eight years, if it is in respect to a group of individuals the term is five to twelve years and if it involves a minor then the term is extended to fifteen years. On 12 January 2005 the Ukrainian parliament passed tougher criminal penalties for human trafficking and coerced prostitution. Prior to 2004 previous laws criminalising organised prostitution had little effect. Since then laws criminalising organised prostitution and penalties for human trafficking have had little effect owing to the relaxed implementation of these laws in the nation, with nearly 70% of convicted traffickers acquitted from imprisonment.
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The Penal Code contains provisions criminalising abuse of authority by public officials in the prison system and article 22.1 of the Law on Cooperation with the International Criminal Court in Matters of the Fight against Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity criminalises torture by any State agent, including cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment.
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The unethical practices of the egg industry are explained. In 2035, the Bill of Animal Rights is finally passed, criminalising carnism. The animals who were victims of the industry are sent to recovery centres. Coming back to 2067, the Clifton Abbatoir is now a museum to explain the horrific dairy industry of the past.
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Prostitution in Ireland is legal. However, since March 2017, it has been an offence to buy sex. Third party involvement (such as operating brothels, and other forms of pimping) is also illegal. Although the 2017 law criminalising clients was designed to reduce the demand for prostitution, as of 2018 the law has had little effect.
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After a military coup d'état, led by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), in 1988, martial law orders were quickly issued, banning public gatherings, banning activities, publications, and speeches aimed at dividing the Armed Forces, and criminalising the publication of documents without registration with the state. Martial law orders have since been repealed.
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The law has also changed public opinion. In 1996, 45% women and 20% men were in favour of criminalising male sex purchasers. By 2008, 79% women and 60% men were in favour of the law. Moreover, the Swedish police confirm that the Nordic model has had a deterrent effect on trafficking for sexual exploitation.
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The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act 2006 came into force on 1 November 2007 in India. In October 2017, Supreme Court of India gave a landmark judgement criminalising sex with a child bride, hence removing an exception in India’s criminal jurisprudence which had until then accorded legal protection to men who raped their minor wives.
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Brooks' friend Walter Monslow won a spot in the annual ballot for Bills, and Brooks persuaded him to introduce a Bill to repeal the Witchcraft Act 1735 and replace it with an Act criminalising deliberate deception. With Brooks' guidance, the Fraudulent Mediums Act 1951 was passed unanimously. Brooks retired from Parliament at the 1951 general election.
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It was the last territory in Europe to decriminalise sexual relations between consenting, adult men. In response to the vote, Paulo Corte-Real from the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, a rights advocacy group said that "We welcome today's vote and can finally call Europe a continent completely free from laws criminalising homosexuality".
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Paisley preached against homosexuality,Ian Paisley and politics of peace, Los Angeles Times, 24 March 2010 supported laws criminalising it and picketed various gay rights events. He denounced it as "a crime against God and man and its practice is a terrible step to the total demoralisation of any country".Hunt, Stephen. Contemporary Christianity and LGBT Sexualities.
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It was the last territory in Europe to decriminalise sexual relations between consenting adult men. In response to the vote, Paulo Corte-Real from the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, a rights advocacy group, said that "We welcome today's vote and can finally call Europe a continent completely free from laws criminalising homosexuality".
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It was the first time in British legal history that a prison sentence had been given due to the performance of a song. Following this, rappers Krept & Konan formed a petition asking the police to 'stop criminalising drill music'. The pair also released a film, titled 'Ban Drill', addressing their concerns. An anti-censorship event was hosted at Saatchi Gallery.
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It was opposed by New Zealand First, who proposed the Swedish approach of criminalising the purchase of sex. It then proceeded to select committee (Justice and Electoral), which received 222 submissions and heard 66 submissions, amending and reporting in favour of the Bill on 29 November 2002, following the 2002 election, the bill now being referred to as Bill 66-2.
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During the convict period, English common law applied, and dealt with brothel keeping, disorderly houses, and public nuisance. The late colonial period viewed prostitution as a public health issue, through the Contagious Diseases Acts. Since Federation in 1901, the emphasis has been on criminalising activities associated with prostitution. Although not explicitly prohibiting paid sex, the criminal law effectively produced a de facto prohibition.
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Norris subsequently took a case to the European Court of Human Rights. In Norris v. Ireland (1988), the ECHR ruled, as it had done in Dudgeon v United Kingdom (1981) that the laws criminalising homosexuality were a breach of the Article 8 protection of privacy. In 1993, the Irish government decriminalised gay male sexual activity with the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 1993.
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The British Unionist Party has been particularly critical of several pieces of SNP legislation which it regards as an infringement on civil liberties. It has criticised the Named Person Scheme as a "totalitarian state invasion into family life", and the Offensive Behaviour at Football Act for "criminalising ordinary football fans". It has called for both pieces of legislation to be scrapped.
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Having lost the Supreme Court case Norris took his case to the European Court of Human Rights. The European Court struck down the law criminalising male-to-male sex on the grounds of privacy. It was held that this infringed on the right of adults to engage in acts of their own choice. Irish law was regarded as too narrow and extreme.
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The police were heavily politicised and resembled a military force while the rioters began to use incendiary projectiles and guns against the police. All of this led to a rhetoric of the regime criminalising the protesters in the eyes of the Saudi population. At least 17 protesters and one policeman were killed but the protests ended up slowing down due to the State repression.
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Zhonggguo jiancha chubanshe. Adding symbolic weight to these enhanced law enforcement controls was the 1992 Law on Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women, which defines prostitution as a social practice that abrogates the inherent rights of women to personhood.Articles 36, 37. The PRC's revised Criminal Law of 1997 retains its abolitionist focus in that it is primarily concerned with criminalising third-party involvement in prostitution.
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A decade later, the Burma Wireless Telegraphy Act was passed, criminalising possession of telegraphs without government permission. However, there were numerous publications in circulation during the colonial era, with a steady increase. In 1911, there were 44 periodicals and newspapers in circulation, and 103 in 1921. By the end of the 1930s, there were over 200 newspapers and periodicals in circulation, double the amount in 1921.
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He originally called the device the 'Preston', after his home town in Lancashire. Primarily used on private land, its notoriety grew once it was introduced to public roads under the Road Traffic Regulations Act of 1991 (commonly known as the de-criminalising of the yellow lines act). The first areas in the country to be decriminalised were the 33 London Boroughs during 1993/94, hence the name change.
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In February 2007, an amendment aimed at criminalising "happy slapping" was added to a law "on the prevention of delinquency" by the Parliament of France based on a proposal from then Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy.Legislative file, assemblee-nationale.fr; accessed 1 September 2016. Law #2007-297, legifrance.gouv.fr; accessed 1 September 2016. The anti-happy-slapping clause appears as the last part of Article 44, which also deals with ambushing law enforcement personnel.
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At their 2008 Congress, the PxC invited the Vlaams Belang of Belgium and the Lega Nord of Italy to attend. In 2012, a senior PxC member congratulated the Golden Dawn of Greece on their general election results. In 2011 the PxC were investigated after ordering a "Night of the Long Knives" against Muslim clerics in Catalonia. The PxC councillor in Salt, Girona, voted against criminalising homophobia in the city in 2013.
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The report also found that the Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist. A total of 70 recommendations for reform, covering both policing and criminal law, were made. These proposals included abolishing the double jeopardy rule and criminalising racist statements made in private. Macpherson also called for reform in the British Civil Service, local governments, the National Health Service, schools, and the judicial system, to address issues of institutional racism.
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These proposals included abolishing the double jeopardy rule and criminalising racist statements made in private. Macpherson also called for reform in the British Civil Service, local governments, the National Health Service, schools, and the judicial system, to address issues of institutional racism. In June 2015, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe, said there was some justification in claims that the Metropolitan Police Service is institutionally racist.
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Proposed to extend the provision criminalising gross indecency between males to gross indecency between females. This bill was dropped due to those who felt that to even criminalise female-to-female sex acts would draw attention to these acts and publicise them. As a result, female-to-female sex acts were legal, unlike male-to-male sex acts.Vanessa Munro and Carl F. Stychin (eds.) Sexuality and the Law: Feminist Engagements (n.
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The possibility of criminalising the purchase of sex was discussed in an official report in 1997; however, neither the Justice Department (Justis- og politidepartementet) nor the Storting (Parliament) were in favour of taking this step. The Department did, however, promise to re-look at the situation in two years. Norway then criminalised the purchase of sex from people under the age of 18 in 2000 (Law 76, 11 August; Penal Code art. §203). Straffeloven § 203.
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Retrieved 28 May 2019. Much of these states experience a lack of anti-trafficking capabilities and therefore a lack of ability to independently police their waters. As of 2016, only Fiji, Tonga, the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia are party to the United Nations drug control convention in the region. Much of the drug-related laws in the region cannot keep pace with modern trends, for example criminalising synthetic drugs.
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Desmond Fernandes is an author living in London. He is a member of the Campaign Against Criminalising Communities (CAMPACC) and he was a Senior Lecturer in Human Geography (1994–2006) and The Geography of Genocide (2001–2006) at De Montfort University, Bedford, England, and has published widely in a number of journals, including The Thailand Environment Institute Quarterly, Socialist Lawyer, L'Appel du Kurdistan, Armenian Forum, Kurdistan Aktuell, and Law, Social Justice and Global Development.
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Controversial changes criminalising the copying of materials in the course of trade were introduced in 2000: insofar as they affect printed matter, these were quickly suspended following an outcry from educational groups and consumer groups. The suspension, provided in the Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Ordinance 2001, will expire on 31 July 2004. Hong Kong is currently unique in the common law world for treating copying infringing materials differently between printed and non-printed materials.
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When a state debates whether to respond to a source of injury by criminalising the behaviour that produces it, there are no pre-set criteria to apply in formulating social policy. There is no ontological reality to crime. The criminal justice system responds to a substantial number of events that do not produce significant hardship to individual citizens. Moreover, events which do cause serious injuries and perhaps should be dealt with as crimes, e.g.
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Same-sex sexual acts became legal on 11 June 2019. Previously, sodomy, whether heterosexual or homosexual, was criminalised, punishable by up to 7 years' imprisonment. The law criminalising such sexual activity applied to both men and women. Initially, its application was limited to men only (similar to other colonies of the British Empire), however, a Botswana court found this to be discriminatory and that the law should apply to women as well.
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The fight for a unified political opposition in exile dominated her political career. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) continued to monopolise power in Kigali, criminalising, persecuting or co-opting any resistance. Inside the country, opposition to the RPF-led regime in Rwanda is almost non-existent. Only diaspora-based associations were able to mount an opposition attempt to Rwandan current President Paul Kagame's regime but divisions and political rivalries in diaspora did not make this possible.
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He indicated in a 1987 BBC Heart of the Matter documentary that consideration should be given to re-criminalising homosexuality to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS, Citation given for this statement is Dickens on Heart of The Matter, BBC 1, March 1987. and opposed the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement (LGCM) and ordination of gay priests. He once held a press conference announcing an affair without, apparently, warning his wife. He served on the Commons Energy Select Committee.
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President David A. Granger supports legalising same-sex sexual acts. In 2016, he said: "I am prepared to respect the rights of any adult to indulge in any practice which is not harmful to others." In August 2016 and April 2018, the Belize Supreme Court and the Trinidad and Tobago High Court, respectively, ruled that laws criminalising homosexuality are unconstitutional. These rulings have been welcomed by Guyanese LGBT activists, who hope to have their own laws repealed too.
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Same-sex sexual activity has been legal in Paraguay since 1880.State-sponsored Homophobia A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults The age of consent in Paraguay is 16 for homosexuals and 14 for heterosexuals. During the dictatorship of Alfredo Stroessner from 1954 to 1989, LGBT people faced heavy persecution and were forced to maintain secret lives. On 1 September 1959, a fire broke out in the capital city of Asunción.
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She is on record as saying ... that any law brought before > her regarding homosexuality will be vetoed. This also applies to an attempt > by two members of the Liberian legislature to introduce tougher laws > targeting homosexuality. It is therefore very disappointing to see you > report that President Sirleaf is defending laws criminalising homosexuality. > She and her government believe the current law on sexual practices > sufficiently addresses the concerns of the majority of Liberians and > guarantees respect for traditional values.
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Furthermore, the embassies of Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States hoisted a rainbow flag. Cypriot-born, international pop singer Anna Vissi also attended the march. The 81-year-old Alexandros Modinos, who won a 1993 European Court of Human Rights case against Cyprus for its laws criminalising homosexuality, headed the procession. Scuffles broke out between a group of Orthodox Christian protesters including clerics who denounced the event they called "shameful", demonstrating outside the Parliament.
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As a result of licences not being issued, brothels operated illegally until a new law was passed in 1998 criminalising businesses making rooms available for commercial sex. The "super night clubs" were originally regular night clubs catering to the tourist trade in the 1960s. They closed down during the Civil War, and after the end of the war there were insufficient tourists to make them viable. The business model was changed to its current format and the clubs reopened.
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In 2006, Mastella became minister of Justice in the Prodi government. Mastella promoted a general amnesty in 2006. He also proposed criminalising Holocaust denial, but he dropped the proposal after opposition by historians and concerns about such law being unconstitutional. As Minister of Justice, Mastella received an "Advice of Judicial Proceedings" in February 2007 from the Naples prosecutors’ office. He is being investigated for fraudulent bankruptcy when the Naples football club S.S.C. Napoli collapsed in 2004.
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Bongiorno is a chief architect of the 2009 law criminalising stalking; she has also denounced femicide. In 2014, Bongiorno proposed that housewives should be paid for their work, in order to strengthen their economic independence and advance their social dignity. During her time in the lower house, Bongiorno shepherded a wiretapping bill through Parliament; the Italian Wikipedia protested by shutting down for a time. After punitive amendments were added, she disowned the bill entirely, and it ultimately failed to pass.
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The show combines musical numbers and storytelling, and includes traditional arias, poetry, hip- hop, spoken word, folk and jazz. The show does not have an overarching plot. Two of the few recurring characters are an anti sex-work, feminist mother and her sex worker daughter, berated for her occupation. The production furthermore explains how current sex work legal frameworks criminalising the clients of sex workers in certain countries, such as Norway, Sweden, and France can stigmatise and expose sex workers to danger.
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Shortly after that, he is murdered and cannibalised, allegedly by a member of the Great British Meat League. This sparks a revolution, with major food companies including McDonald's and KFC turning vegan, and 75% of UK at least vegetarian; yet there is a reluctance for criminalising carnism. Watkins, with other carnists, states illogical reasons defending carnism. All such arguments are resolved by the invention of a Thought Translator, allowing animals to communicate freely with humans using the recorded voice of Joanna Lumley.
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Their case was postponed until December 2016. In early December 2016, the two girls were acquitted. In May 2019, in the evaluation by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the partnership with the Moroccan Parliament in the framework of the Partnership for Democracy Status, the parliamentary assembly called the Moroccan Parliament to stop enforcing the "criminal law provisions criminalising homosexual relations or relations between two persons of the opposite-sex do not have a marriage union." until its repeal.
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In 2004, 303,885 people had registered after half a million people took to the streets to protest against a government-proposed national security law criminalising "sedition", which was based on Article 23 of the Basic Law. In 2015, 262,633 people registered as voters after the 2014 Occupy protests. According to the Registration and Electoral Office (REO) under the EAC, the number of registered voters in the final registers for 2019 was 4,132,977, a record high since the handover of Hong Kong.
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London LGBT Pride march in 2007. The party has tried to protest against various Pride parades in the past. The NF adopted a strong stance against liberalism and socially permissive policies, claiming that what it perceived as the growing permissiveness of British society was orchestrated by the Jewish conspiracy. Tyndall called for a moral "regeneration" penetrating "every sphere of work and leisure", with an NF government criminalising "the promotion of art, literature or entertainment by which public moral standards might be endangered".
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Thus, for instance, it would be impermissible for any such laws to discriminate in favour of or against one or certain religions or belief systems, or their adherents over another, or religious believers over non- believers. Nor would it be permissible for such prohibitions to be used to prevent or punish criticism of religious leaders or commentary on religious doctrine and tenets of faith. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation have petitioned the "United Nations to create global laws criminalising insults to religion".
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Ardern opposes criminalising people who use cannabis in New Zealand, and pledged to hold a referendum on the issue. New Zealand will vote on a non-binding referendum to legalise cannabis as part of the 2020 general election, scheduled for 17 October 2020. Ardern admitted to past cannabis use during a televised debate prior to the election. On 2 February 2018, Ardern travelled to Waitangi for the annual Waitangi Day commemoration; she stayed in Waitangi for five days, an unprecedented length.
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In 1927, Chinese communist Han Minghuang attempted to create a communist organization in Bangkok before being arrested. Ho Chi Minh visited north Thailand the following year, attempting to organize soviets in local Vietnamese communities. In the aftermath of the Siamese revolution of 1932, conservative Prime Minister Phraya Manopakorn accused his political opponent, Pridi Panomyong, of being a communist and shortly afterwards a law was passed criminalising communism. During World War II communists formed an alliance with the Free Thai Movement.
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The school came in for heavy criticism from the South Wales Argus and The Daily Telegraph after encouraging a teacher to not pursue action, after a coke can was dropped by a pupil and hit her on the head. School staff informed police they did not want an investigation in fear of "criminalising children". Moreover, in 2017, the school decided to review its uniform policy, after parents complained that the school refused pupils requests to remove jumpers in a heat wave.
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Marital rape generally refers to non-consensual sexual intercourse between married spouses. In Singapore, there used to be a partial immunity for marital rape because it was not a criminal offence except when the wife is below 13 years of age or when any of the specific circumstances provided under section 375(4) of the Singapore Penal Code are satisfied.Penal Code (Cap 224, 2008 Rev Ed) (Singapore) s 375(4). Since 1 January 2020, the immunity was lifted, criminalising all forms of rape.
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It went into force globally in 1919, when it was incorporated into the Treaty of Versailles. The primary objective of the convention was to introduce restrictions on exports as opposed to imposing prohibition or criminalising the use and cultivation of opium, coca, and cannabis. That explains the withdrawal of the United States and China, which were gravitating towards prohibitionist approaches, as well as the beginning of negotiations leading to the 1925 International Opium Convention in Geneva.A Primer on the UN Drug Control Conventions.
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She argued that the right to intimate association is a facet of privacy which is protected under the Constitution. Section 497 was unconstitutional as the very basis for criminalising adultery was the assumption that a woman is considered as the property of the husband and cannot have relations outside of marriage. The same restrictions, however, did not apply in case of the husband. Section 497 violates right to privacy as well as liberty of women by discriminating against married women and perpetrating gender stereotypes.
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In a number of countries where Islam is the state religion or where Muslims are a majority, values and attitudes derived from Islam have influenced censorious laws criminalising blasphemy, often attached to heavy punishments. Blasphemy in Islam is broadly defined as impious utterance or action concerning God, Muhammad or anything considered sacred in Islam.Langer, 2014, 331 The Islamic holy book, the Quran, admonishes blasphemy, but does not specify the punishment. The hadiths, which are another source of sharia, suggest various punishments for blasphemy, including death.
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Opposing the bill were KPU. 200 deputies did not cast a vote. In all, 233 deputies supported the bill, which was more than the minimum of 226 votes required to pass it into law."Holodomor and Holocaust denial to be a criminal offense", 3 April 2007"What the Verkhovna Rada actually passed", February 28, 2007 In 2007, President Viktor Yushchenko declared he wanted "a new law criminalising Holodomor denial", including the designation of the Holodomor as genocide or not, but such a law has never been adopted.
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Hate speech in Croatia leads to a maximum 5 years prison sentence. Insulting "the Republic of Croatia, its coat of arms, national anthem, or flag" is also punished with up to 3 years of prison.Freedom House, Croatia report on Press Freedom 2015 In 2013 the Croatian parliament passed an amendment criminalising "vilification", intended as systematic and deliberate defamation of a person, institution or legal entity. This was seen as worrying by media professionals, and later confirmed when an investigative reporter was fined in 2014.
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Ireland (1972) - unconstitutionality of state immunity in tort; McGee v. The Attorney General (1974) - right to marital privacy and contraceptives; Crotty v An Taoiseach (1987) - ratification of EU treaties. He was one of the dissenting minority in the case at the European Court of Human Rights that ruled in 1981 that the United Kingdom had breached the Convention in the matter of Northern Ireland's law criminalising homosexual acts. Outside the bench, Walsh was the president of the Law Reform Commission from 1975–85 and led the Irish delegation to the Anglo-Irish Law Enforcement Commission.
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Oppositional and independent newspapers have been ordered to close by the authorities, and journalists are intimidated, arrested, and prosecuted, with the support of laws criminalising the publication of "inaccurate" information. Foreign journalists are regularly denied visas, and local correspondents for foreign publications have been refused accreditation and threatened with deportation. The state controls all broadcast media as well as major dailies such as The Chronicle and The Herald. The coverage is dominated by favourable portrayals of Robert Mugabe and the ZANU-PF party and attacks on government critics.
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In 2006, Time magazine asked whether Jamaica was "the most homophobic place on Earth", and answered that it "may be the worst offender". The country's laws criminalising same-sex activity between males were introduced in 1864, during the British colonial administration. According to the Sexual Offences Act of 2009, any man convicted under these laws must register as a sex offender. These laws have been cited as contributing to wider homophobic attitudes among the Jamaican populace, including the view that gay people are criminals regardless of whether or not they have committed any crime.
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Amendments in 1985 resulted in crime of rape being replaced with one of sexual violation, a similar offence but without gender specificity. Further changes in 2005 resulted in gender specificity being removed from all criminal sexual offences. The Crimes Amendment Act (No 3) 1985 (commenced 1 February 1986) criminalised marital rape and added the offence of sexual violation by unlawful sexual connection, criminalising female-on-male sexual violation and expanding sexual violation to include anal and oral intercourse. The Homosexual Law Reform Act 1986 amended the Crimes Act, allowing for consensual homosexual relationships between men.
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Same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Chad since 2017. Previous to that there were no restrictions. A bill introduced in 2014 aimed to impose up to 20 years imprisonment for consensual same-sex acts (proposed Article 361bis). However, on 12 December 2016, the National Assembly passed an updated penal code criminalising both male and female same-sex sexual activity by a vote of 111 to 1 (with 4 abstentions), but classing acts between consenting adults as a misdemeanour offence. On 8 May 2017, the new penal code was enacted by the President Idriss Deby.
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In 2006, Time magazine said that Jamaica may be the most homophobic country in the world. The country's laws criminalising same-sex activity between males were introduced in 1864, during the British colonial administration. According to the Sexual Offences Act of 2009, any man convicted under these laws must register as a sex offender. These laws have been cited as contributing to wider homophobic attitudes among the Jamaican populace, including the view that gay people are criminals regardless of whether or not they have committed any criminal act.
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This was defined as real or simulated examples of certain types of sexual violence as well as necrophilia and bestiality. The passing of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 resulted in the possession of "extreme pornographic images" becoming illegal in England and Wales as of January 2009. The law has been criticised for criminalising images where no crime took place in their creation. Additionally, the law's placing of liability on consumers rather than producers has been criticised for creating a power imbalance between the individual and the state.
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The court did take note that Bowers v. Hardwick was still (at that time) law in the United States, but pointed out its inconsistency with Romer v. Evans. The result of the balancing test was that the infringements of the rights of gay men could in no way be justified in an open and democratic society. The court noted that male rape could be prosecuted as indecent assault, and that the Sexual Offences Act created a separate statutory offence criminalising same-sex sexual acts with a person under the age of 19.
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The committee put forward Dick White and Sir Kenneth Strong. Maxwell Fyfe endorsed the committee's preference for White, observing to Churchill that an internal appointment would be good for the morale of the service.Andrew (2009), pp. 323–324. Fyfe's assumption of office as Home Secretary heralded a reign of fear for male homosexuals. A stern advocate of existing legislation criminalising homosexual acts, he started a campaign to “rid England of this male vice … this plague”Jenkins, Simon, "Make mine a glass of cannabis wine, thank you", The Guardian (Manchester), 19 October 2018.
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Rules regarding squatting commercial properties remained as layout in Section 6 of the Criminal Law Act 1977. The act was criticised by the charities Crisis and The Big Issue Foundation as criminalising the homeless, possibly causing a sharp rise in homelessness, and benefitting landlords that leave their buildings empty. Several campaign groups protested the law at locations around the UK in 2011. On 23 February 2013, Daniel Gauntlett, a homeless man, was warned by Kent police not to shelter in a boarded up empty bungalow that was due for demolition.
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If successful, it would make Malawi the second African nation to legalise same-sex sexual activity since 1994. Amnesty International reported in early November 2012 that Malawi had "suspended" laws criminalising homosexuality pending a vote. On the advice of the International Monetary Fund, in May 2012 Banda devalued the Malawian kwacha, something Mutharika had refused to do. The announcement of the kwacha's devaluation by 33 per cent against the United States dollar, an attempt to attract donor funding, prompted "panic-buying" in Malawian cities, the BBC News reported.
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Later an Orthodox Christian priest also backed the cleric. The Russia Justice Initiative estimated that tens of thousands of Muslim women had undergone FGM, especially in the remote mountain villages of Dagestan, but investigators from the Prosecutor General's office reported they had not found any evidence of the practice. That year, dissident United Russia MP Maria Maksakova- IgenbergsMaksakova and her husband and fellow MP Denis Voronenkov fled to Kiev, Ukraine in October 2016, where the latter was murdered in March 2017. introduced a bill criminalising FGM, but its status was unclear as of 2018.
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"Zimbabwe artist granted bail after Matabeleland exhibit", BBC, March 30, 2010 In September, his trial was postponed pending consideration by the Supreme Court as to "whether criminalising creative arts infringes on the freedom of expression and freedom of conscience", as guaranteed by the Constitution. A magistrate granted an application to the Supreme Court on constitutional grounds, and on the grounds that Maseko's art depicted events which had unquestionably happened. Maseko was second runner up for the Freedom to Create Prize in 2010, for his exhibition on the Gukurahundi killings.
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In 2008, there was another brief media frenzy over such films that had years earlier been approved for release by the BBFC, in particular SS Experiment Camp.Stop this debasing film -Times Online This coincided with an attempt by MPs Julian Brazier and Keith Vaz to pass a law allowing MPs greater powers to tighten BBFC guidelines or force an appeal of a release.MPs press for ban on SS camp ‘video nasty’ The bill failed to pass. However, the UK Government passed a law criminalising possession of "extreme pornography".
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Same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in 1962 after scientific research by Kurt Freund led to the conclusion that homosexual orientation may not be changed (see the History of penile plethysmograph). The age of consent was equalized in 1990 (to 15 – it had previously been 18 for homosexuals).State-sponsored Homophobia A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults CZECH REPUBLIC LAWS The Army doesn't question the sexual orientation of soldiers, and allows homosexuals to serve openly. Homosexual prostitution was decriminalized in 1990.
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In August 2016 and April 2018, the Belize Supreme Court and the Trinidad and Tobago High Court, respectively, ruled that laws criminalising homosexuality are unconstitutional. These rulings have been welcomed by Barbadian LGBT activists, who hope to have their own law repealed as well. However, Barbados' Constitution contains a "savings clause", which protects laws inherited by the former British Empire from constitutional review, even if these laws run counter to fundamental human rights, thus making any legal challenge to the buggery law difficult. As such, Barbadian LGBT activists have filed suit in international courts instead.
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Cathy Casey is a New Zealand politician who is an Auckland Councillor, for the Albert-Eden-Roskill Ward. She has a particular interest in social issues, such as taking a strong stance against bylaws restricting or criminalising begging, considering it an example of a social issue that should not be left to the police to try and manage. She is also supported by various unions for her stance on subjects such as opposition against "casualisation" of Ports of Auckland's wharf workforce, and her support for the living wage campaign.
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The report also details how the Venezuelan government "aimed at neutralising, repressing and criminalising political opponents and people critical of the government" since 2016. Guaidó supported the investigation, stating "the systematic violation of human rights, the repression, the torture... is clearly identified in the (UN) report". Maduro administration described the report as a "biased vision" and demanded it be "corrected". In the words of his foreign minister, "It’s a text lacking in scientific rigor, with serious errors in methodology and which seems like a carbon copy of previous reports".
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An expert panel on asylum seekers appointed by the Gillard government in 2012 advocated "high-level and broad-ranging bilateral cooperation" with Indonesia and Malaysia on the issue. Laws criminalising people smuggling were passed by the Indonesian parliament in 2011, and impose penalties of between five and 15 years in prison for those convicted. The laws include penalties for corrupt officials, and for failing to report officials, smugglers and asylum seekers guilty of immigration violations. The same year, Australia contributed three patrol boats to assist Indonesian law enforcement officials in combatting the trade.
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We should > also protect the autonomy that such a medium confers to ordinary people as > well as media magnates.[...] My analysis does not deprive the Government of > all means of protecting children from the dangers of Internet communication. > The Government can continue to protect children from pornography on the > Internet through vigorous enforcement of existing laws criminalising > obscenity and child pornography. [...] As we learned at the hearing, there > is also a compelling need for public educations about the benefits and > dangers of this new medium, and the Government can fill that role as well.
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It was replaced by the Sex Industry Offences Act 2005. Essentially, in response to protests the Government moved from a position of liberalising to one of further criminalising. The Act that was passed consolidated and clarified the existing law in relation to sex work by providing that it was legal to be a sex worker and provide sexual services but that it was illegal for a person to employ or otherwise control or profit from the work of individual sex workers. A review clause was included because of the uncertainty as to what the right way to proceed was.
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In 2014, Van Teasley, a visiting American lawyer and gay activist, was found murdered in his Santo Domingo apartment. A new Penal Code that included provisions banning hate crimes on the basis of sexual orientation was expected to take effect in December 2015, but it was deemed unconstitutional shortly before taking effect by the Constitutional Court because its sections regarding abortion were "plagued with irregularities and violations". In 2016, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies approved modifications to the initial version by fully criminalising abortion. Sexual orientation-based hate crimes would have remained banned under this version.
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In 2004 in Scotland, a committee of Members of the Scottish Parliament backed a call to ban adult pornography as the Equal Opportunities Committee supported a petition claiming links between porn and sexual crimes and violence against women and children. A spokeswoman said "While we have no plans to legislate we will, of course, continue to monitor the situation." In 2007, MSPs looked again at criminalising adult pornography, in response to a call from Scottish Women Against Pornography for pornography to be classified as a hate crime against women. This was opposed by Feminists Against Censorship.
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Some of the services offered by the union include: self-defence classes, free legal advice and training for members who wish to leave the sex industry. The union was formed in 2000 partly as a response to actions taken by Westminster City Council in London to try and remove prostitutes from the area. The International Union of Sex Workers supports the x:talk Project, which provides free English language classes to migrant sex workers in London. They are a member of Backlash, a pressure group formed in 2005 in order to oppose a new law criminalising possession of "extreme pornography".
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Toscano's own work has been described both as an investigation of the persistence of the idea of communism in contemporary thought and a genealogical inquiry into the concept of fanaticism.Toscano's Author Page at Institute for the Unstable Media He is the author of The Theatre of Production (2006), and his book Fanaticism: The Uses of an Idea was published in 2010. Toscano has published on contemporary philosophy, politics and social theory. In an article on the Tarnac 9 case, written for The Guardian in December 2009,Criminalising Dissent Toscano argues that society is losing its ability to distinguish between vandalism and terrorism.
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Gay Bombay organizes various LGBT events including dance parties, picnics, film festivals, film screening, parents meeting, trekking, cooking, speed-dating brunches, counselling sessions, meet-ups, gatherings and discussion on topics such as HIV/AIDS and relationships. In July 2009, Gay Bombay organised a party to celebrate the Delhi High Court's verdict of de-criminalising homosexuality in India. In 2008, the Queer Media Collective Awards was started by Gay Bombay to acknowledge and honour the media's support of the LGBT movement in India. It organises a talent show every year, Gay Bombay Talent Show, to provide a platform for LGBT artists.
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Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 is a law in the United Kingdom criminalising possession of what it refers to as "extreme pornographic images". The law was enacted from 26 January 2009. The legislation was brought in following the murder of Jane Longhurst by a man who was said at the time of his trial to have had "extreme pornography" in his possession at the time of the death. The law has been more widely used than originally predicted, raising concerns as to whether the legislation is being used for prosecutions beyond the scope originally envisaged by parliament.
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Following the passing of the Human Trafficking and Exploitation (Criminal Justice and Support for Victims) Act (Northern Ireland) 2015, Lee initiated a judicial review at Belfast's High Court in respect of the provisions criminalising the purchase of sex. She argued that making it a criminal offence to pay for sex would drive the sex trade further underground and endanger sex workers. Lee's challenge was based on human rights legislation and she stated her intention to bring the case all the way to the European Court of Human Rights. On 28 September 2016, Lee won the right to have a judicial review.
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The tweet was pulled after the Prime Minister David Cameron publicly announced Britain would do more to help those seeking asylum in the UK. A further Change.org petition for Hopkins to be replaced with 50,000 Syrian refugees gained more than 20,000 signatures in less than 48 hours in September 2015. In November 2015, Peter Herbert, chair of the Society of Black Lawyers, reported Hopkins and The Sun to Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner. Hopkins was questioned and not charged, and subsequently criticised the police for purportedly criminalising opinion, and stated that she would set up a Society of White Lawyers.
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An organiser was quoted as saying, "This Pride will not only address the LGBTQIA problems but also the general constructs of the society like shame, untouchability, class bias and sex discrimination within and outside the community and the majority deciding what is best for minorities." The 2018 Bhubaneshwar Pride also had the distinction of being the last Pride March in India that demanded the overhaul of Section 377 – the law criminalising "unnatural sex", as Section 377 was scrapped in a historic judgment by the Supreme Court of India just a few days later, on 6 September 2018.
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Fawcett had backed countless campaigns over many years. A few of those she supported were to curb child abuse by raising the age of consent, criminalising incest, cruelty to children within the family, ending the practice of excluding women from courtrooms when sexual offences were considered, stamping out the "white slave trade", and preventing child marriage and the introduction of regulated prostitution in India. Fawcett campaigned to repeal the Contagious Diseases Acts, which reflected sexual double standards. They required prostitutes to be examined for sexually transmitted diseases and if they were found to have passed disease to their clients, to be imprisoned.
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The Nordic model approach to prostitution, also known as neo-abolitionism, the sex buyer law and the Swedish model, is an approach to prostitution law. Though it is often called the "Nordic model", it has only been adopted in three of the Nordic countries, and has no connection to the socioeconomic model of the same name. The Nordic model is based criminalising the buyers and decriminalising the prostitutes. The main objective of the model is to decrease the demand for prostitution by punishing the soliciting of sexual services in order to decrease the volume of the illegal sex industry overall.
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Marital rape is not a criminal offence within Indian legal framework, except during the period of judicial separation of the partners. The marital rape exception, that is exception 2 of section 375 of the Indian Penal Code states that sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under 18 years of age, is not rape. In the 1980s, women's rights groups lobbied for marital rape to be declared unlawful. Preview. Government officials argued that the contract of marriage presupposes consent to sex and that criminalising marital rape in turn would degrade family values in India.
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In 2006 the Ministry of Women and Child Development put forward a bill aimed at reducing human trafficking. The bill proposed criminalising the clients of trafficked prostitutes. However, it stalled during the legislative process, and legislation against human trafficking was subsequently effected by amendments to the Indian Penal Code. Clauses in the ITPA relating to living off the earnings of a sex-worker are being challenged in court, together with criminalisation of brothels, prostitution around a notified public place, soliciting and the power given to a magistrate to evict sex-workers from their home and forbidding their re- entry.
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A law criminalising revenge porn in Malta entered into force in November 2016. Article 208E of the Maltese Criminal Code punishes whoever, with an intent to cause distress, emotional harm or harm of any nature, discloses a private sexual photograph or film without the consent of the person or persons displayed or depicted in such photograph or film. Such person would, on conviction be liable to imprisonment for a term of up to two years or to a fine of not less than €3,000 and not more than €5,000, or to both such imprisonment and fine.
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In the twentieth century a variety of laws relating to the sex industry were passed, including the Contagious Diseases Prevention Act of 1908 and the Entertainment Places Act of 1966. In the 1950s the Thai prime minister Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat initiated a morality campaign which included the aim of criminalising prostitution through the imposition of fines and imprisonment. A system of medical examinations and "moral rehabilitation" was introduced and the focus of public blame was moved from traffickers and procurers to the prostitutes themselves. Prostitution itself was made illegal in Thailand in 1960, when a law was passed under pressure from the United Nations.
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In November 1917, after the October Revolution, the Tsarist criminal code was abrogated by the Bolsheviks, thus legalizing same-sex sexual intercourse between consenting adults in the Russian SSR and the later Ukrainian SSR. However this policy was not uniform across all the Soviet Republics which emerged after 1922. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic were all created with no laws criminalising same-sex sexual intercourse. In 1923, sexual intercourse between men became a criminal offense in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic,Healey, Dan. "Masculine purity and 'Gentlemen's Mischief': Sexual Exchange and Prostitution between Russian Men, 1861–1941".
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The report also details how the Venezuelan government has "aimed at neutralising, repressing and criminalising political opponents and people critical of the government" since 2016. During a speech in September 2019 to present the updated report in a UN meeting, Bachelet announced her concerns for possible the extra-judiciary killings carried out by the Venezuelan police after her visit in June. According to her, a non-governmental organization, Victims’ Monitor (), reported 57 presumed extra-judiciary executions by FAES in Caracas in early July. Bachelet had called earlier for the dissolution of FAES, but she expressed that "On the contrary, the FAES have received support from the highest level of Government".
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In July 2003, the prosecutor's office in Naples linked Đukanović with an organised crime racket worth billions of euros. Đukanović called a press conference in Podgorica to deny the allegations as a "loathsome political trick", aimed at criminalising him and his country."Montenegrin PM accused of link with tobacco racket", The Guardian, 11 July 2003; retrieved 24 June 2006. Djukanovic has long been dogged by suspicions that he was involved in tobacco smuggling in Italy. On 16 April 2003, the Judge for Preliminary Inquiries in Naples rejected the Antimafia Commission's request for a warrant for Đukanović's arrest, claiming him to be immune from arrest as Prime Minister of Montenegro.
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London LGBT Pride march in 2007; the party has tried to protest against various Pride parades The NF adopted a strong anti-permissive stance. It claimed that what it perceived as the growing permissiveness of British society had resulted in moral decadence and social decay, and alleged that this was orchestrated by the Jewish conspiracy. Tyndall called for a moral "regeneration" penetrating "every sphere of work and leisure", with an NF government criminalising "the promotion of art, literature or entertainment by which public moral standards might be endangered". Although it placed little importance on religion, during the 1970s, the party claimed that God had set forth absolute moral values.
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There, he charged the ANC under Mbeki's leadership of demanding "sycophantic, obsequious conformity" among its members. Tutu and Mbeki had long had a strained relationship; Mbeki had accused Tutu of criminalising the ANC's military struggle against apartheid through the TRC, while Tutu disliked Mbeki's active neglect of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Like Mandela before him, Mbeki accused Tutu of being a populist, further claiming that the cleric had no understanding of the ANC's inner workings. Tutu later criticised ANC leader and South African President Jacob Zuma; in 2006, he criticised Zuma's "moral failings" as a result of accusations of rape and corruption that he was facing.
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Resolution 1267 was enforced by the Security Council Sanctions Committee or the al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee. The onus on implementing the sanctions fell upon the United Nations member states. Member states were encouraged to introduced domestic legalisation "criminalising the financing of terrorism and associated money laundering", as well as drafting new rules for aviation authorities and adding individuals on the Consolidated List to their national "no fly" list. Once the aviation and financial sanctions went into effect in November 1999, the sanctions directly led to the "closer of Afghan bank branches" in the neighbouring country of Pakistan, as well as the cancelation of Ariana Afghan Airline's flights.
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Julian Burnside QC and S Senathiraja argued for the appellants that genocide is a part of customary international law, and that even without legislation criminalising genocide within Australia, Australian courts can try individuals accused of genocide. The “ten point plan” constituted genocide because it was a deliberate attempt to destroy the Aboriginal race. The appellants, particularly Ms Nulyarimma, gave evidence to the Court of attempted genocide. Further, Burnside QC argued that the respondent’s failure to pursue the World Heritage listing of Lake Eyre amounted to genocide as BHP's mining operations threatened the flora, fauna and livelihood of his people by allegedly draining the Lake.
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In June 2009, Mullen introduced a Private Members' Motion on Human Trafficking calling for, among other things, criminalising the user of prostituted and trafficked women. The motion was based on legislation in place in Sweden and Norway and received the support of NGOs such as Ruhama and the Immigrant Council of Ireland. The then Green Party Senator Déirdre de Búrca abstained from voting with the Government as a show of support for Mullen's motion. He was once quoted as saying he did not believe the Irish government should get involved in the rehabilitation of a schismatic British bishop, Richard Williamson, who denied the holocaust.
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The Staffordshire Bull Terrier is a British breed of short-haired terrier of medium size. It originated in the city of Birmingham and in the Black Country of Staffordshire, it is the direct descendent of the Bull and terrier which was itself bred from cross-breeding the Old English Bulldog and the Old English Terrier. The breed’s ancestors were bred primarily for the blood sports of dog fighting and rat-baiting. With the introduction of legislation criminalising blood sports including dog fighting in 1835 and again in 1911, attitudes changed which resulted in generations of responsible breeding and further breed refinement of the Stafford as a family pet and companion dog.
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Higdon cites tech- companies utilization of data collection as one of the strongest forces empowering fake news producers. Rather than government regulation or industry censorship, Higdon argues for the introduction of critical news literacy education to American education. Algerian lawmakers passed a law criminalising "fake news" deemed harmful to "public order and state security". In the Philippines, China, India, Egypt, Bangladesh, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, Montenegro, Vietnam, Laos, Indonesia, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Cote d'Ivoire, Somalia, Mauritius, Zimbabwe, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Malaysia Singapore, and Hong Kong, people have been arrested for allegedly spreading fake news about the COVID-19 pandemic.
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In December 2012, owners of a family patio and paving business in Bedford were successfully prosecuted under the provision criminalising the holding of someone in slavery or servitude, or requiring them to perform forced or compulsory labour, between 2010 and 2011. The investigation of forced labour began after the body of one of the family's workers was discovered in 2008. The family found using vulnerable mentally ill, alcoholic, and homeless men for forced labour very profitable, holding some men in servitude for decades and paying them as little as £5 a day (the National Minimum Wage at the time was £5.80 per hour for an adult aged 21 or over).
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Although Belgian legal bodies continue to target cannabis cultivation facilities, the activity has been assessed as of medium-low harm, and the majority of the harms that were identified are largely the product of criminalising policies and attempts to oppress cultivation. While the small scale cultivation of cannabis for personal use is tolerated within Belgium, large-scale production, especially that which could be intended for distribution, is prohibited and can result in intervention by law enforcement authorities. The rise in cannabis cultivation on a national scale has led to an increase in the number of cannabis cultivation facilities dismantled by Belgian law enforcement, increasing from 35 in 2003, to 1212 in 2013.
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His critics stated that Porter "would accommodate the market demand for prostitution by setting up a system of licensed brothels in certain non- residential areas" and that people "should accept that prostitution will occur and legalise the trade, because we can never suppress it entirely" and that it is "like alcohol or gambling – saying it should be regulated rather than banned." Porter challenged his critics to come up with a better model and rejected the Swedish example of only criminalising clients. These represent a change in thinking since an interview he gave in March 2009. However he followed through on a promise he made in early 2009 to clear the suburbs of sex work.
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Community Flag of LGBT of Pakistan Pakistani law is a mixture of both Anglo- Saxon colonial law as well as Islamic law. Under the colonial aspects of the law, the section of the Penal Code criminalising consensual same-sex relations dates back to 6 October 1860 under the colonial rule of the British Raj. Written by Lord Macaulay, the Indian Penal Code 1860, as it was named at the time, made same-sex sexual acts illegal under the Anglo-Saxon law of "Unnatural Offences", known as carnal knowledge. After Pakistan received independence in 1947, the Parliament decided to continue using the same Penal Code, merely changing the title to Pakistan Penal Code (Act XLV of 1860).
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Likewise, there was no > evidence of any mob-related killing of lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender > persons. Jamaica stressed that the issue of male homosexuality was one of > great sensitivity in Jamaican society, in which cultural norms, values, > religious and moral standards underlay a rejection of male homosexual > behaviour by a large majority of Jamaicans; and that the Government was > committed to ensuring that all citizens were protected from violence. During the UPR working group meeting, Australia encouraged Jamaica to repeal its laws against same-sex activities and condemn homophobic statements made by public figures. The Netherlands expressed concern about harassment of LGBT persons and stated that legislation criminalising consensual same-sex activities might contribute to the problem.
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The Board explained that the ban was "imposed because most of her programs were during family viewing time... and parents wanted to have some control over the sexual information for their children." In 1978 Arndt said that "The sexual revolution has been a damp squib" expressing some doubts about what level people were really more sophisticated in their attitudes toward sex. She acknowledged that the Women's Movement had made physiological discoveries about the sexuality of women, that there was more tolerance to one's sexual preference, and there had been a recognition of the importance of sex for senior citizens and those with disabilities. Arndt also praised the introduction of South Australian laws criminalising rape within marriage.
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In 2016, U.S. Representative John Katko, became one of only three Republicans to advocate a change in a letter sent to Goodell, who responded that a name change is for the team to decide. In February 2016, British Labour MPs Ruth Smeeth and Ian Austin sent a letter to Goodell requesting that the team's name be changed or, "at the minimum", send another team to replace the Redskins in the scheduled NFL International Series game against the Cincinnati Bengals. Britain has stricter laws against racism in sports, criminalising racist chanting at soccer games, and the game's host, Wembley Stadium, has its own anti-racism charter. The game went ahead, and was played to a 27–27 tie.
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There are enough reasons to disapprove of Putin's authoritarian regime without resorting to hyperbole and falsehoods." The TV documentary Stephen Fry: Out There explored gay rights and homophobia (fear of gays and lesbians) in numerous countries in the world, including Russia. In it, Stephen Fry interviews a lesbian couple who discuss their fears that simply being out to their 16-year-old daughter and her friends could be taken as breaking this law, due to the law's prohibition "on anyone disseminating information about homosexuality to under 18s". The LGBT news magazine The Advocate described the law as criminalising "any positive discussion of LGBT people, identities, or issues in forums that might be accessible to minors.
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Of the opposition parties, both Fianna Fáil (20 seats) and Sinn Féin (14 seats) have expressed support for this approach at their 2013 Ardfheiseanna (party conferences), with the only dissenting voices coming from the independent bloc of deputies in the Dáil. However, there has been a reluctance on the part of the Government to act on the recommendations. A Private Member's Bill was however introduced in the Dáil in March 2013, the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) (Amendment) Bill 2013, by Independent TD Thomas Pringle which would criminalise the purchase of sex, on behalf of Turn Off the Red Light,Pringle Introduces Bill Criminalising Buying Sexual Services, press release, Thomas Pringle TD, 13 March 2013.
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"This empowerment will be accomplished especially by utilising the queer cultures that already exist in Guyana and molding them into positive contributions to society, so as to change the negative rhetoric that is constantly referenced in many sectors in Guyana." In May 2019, managing director of the Society Against Sexual Orientation Discrimination (SASOD), Joel Simpson, said that over the years discriminatory laws have contributed to the extortion of LGBT people by law enforcement authorities. Several cases have been recorded where victims of anti-LGBT attacks were blackmailed by police officials who threatened to arrest them due to the country's law criminalising homosexuality. Simpson added that the number of hate crimes often go unreported.
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LGBT rights organisations in Kenya include the Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya, Gay Kenya Trust, National Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission, and the East Africa Trans Health & Advocacy Network. In March 2019, 3 out of 5 judges in the Court of Appeal ruled that the government could not use colonial-era laws criminalising gay sexual activity to block the National Gay Lesbian Human Rights Commission (NGLHRC) from being registered as a non-profit organization, and dismissed the appeal after the government's Non-Governmental Organisations Coordination Board rejecting its application for registration as a charity on the basis that it was for gay and lesbian people. The government could still appeal the decision in the Supreme Court.
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Jeffrey Edward Anthony "Jeff" Dudgeon MBE is a Northern Irish politician, historian and gay political activist. He previously sat as an Ulster Unionist Party councillor for the Balmoral area of Belfast City Council from 2014 - 2019. He is best known for bringing a case to the European Court of Human Rights which successfully challenged Northern Ireland's laws criminalising consensual sexual acts between men in private. During the 2014-19 council term he was one of three openly gay politicians elected to the City Council along with Mary Ellen Campbell of Sinn Féin and Julie-Anne Corr of the Progressive Unionist Party, at the 2019 local government election all three lost their seats.
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To produce a lighter, faster more agile dog which retained the courage and tenacity of the Bulldog, outcrosses from local terriers were tried, and ultimately found to be successful. As it was in the United Kingdom, dog fighting became a popular pastime in 19th century America and bull-and- terriers were imported to the New World to pursue the blood sport. In the United States organised dog fights have been progressively outlawed in various states from 1874, culminating in federal legislation criminalising animal fighting in 2007. In the 1890s breeders of American pit bull–type dogs attempted to have their dogs recognised by the American Kennel Club, but because of the type’s association with dog fighting, the club rejected these entreaties.
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Since 2000, his work has involved the monitoring of women's rights and human rights in the Kurdish regions of Turkey, Syria and Iraq, and the monitoring of elections on behalf of the predecessor to Turkey's Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP). He is currently engaged in developing a program to provide psychosocial support for the survivors of the Yezidi genocide in Iraq. Charlton is a founding member of the Campaign against Criminalising Communities which has been campaigning against the misuse of anti-terrorism legislation since 1999. He is also a member of the Kurdish Genocide Task Force (KGTF), an international group, endorsed and supported by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), and a member of the Panel of Defence Lawyers for the Special Tribunal for Lebanon.
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The police said that David had assaulted Navarasu during a ragging session in his hostel room as the latter refused to strip and lick footwear. David's college mates testified that he had a reputation for being a bully and humiliating freshers. Delivering the much-awaited judgement in a packed court hall, a Cuddalore judge S.R. Singaravelu said the motive of the murder was probably, 'that while other juniors had obliged the accused, the disinclination of Navarasu, who happened to be the son of a vice-chancellor, might have irritated the accused and made him desperate and led to an ego clash.' The gruesome nature of the murder caused a public outcry and the Tamil Nadu government passed an anti-ragging ordinance criminalising ragging.
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The Preventing Persons from Concealing Their Identity during Riots and Unlawful Assemblies Act (Bill C-309) is a private member's bill, criminalising the actions of protesters who cover their faces during tumultuous demonstrations and introducing a five-year prison sentence for the offence, introduced before the House of Commons of Canada in October 2011 during the 41st Parliament. On February 15, 2012, a 190-97 vote confirmed that the bill would enter a second reading and be sent to the House Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights. The proposal was introduced in the context of the 2012 Quebec student protests, and the riots following the 2011 Stanley Cup championship in Vancouver. However, in both circumstances a vast majority present were not wearing masks.
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General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013, p.5 "Unborn" rather than the Catholic view that personhood begins at conception. The aim of specifying the uterus was to avoid criminalising emergency contraception or treatment of ectopic pregnancy.General Scheme of the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill 2013, p.4 "Implantation" The Act empowered the Minister for Health to produce regulations detailing the procedures for all its provisions.Protection of Life During Pregnancy Act 2013, §§3,4 A "senior source" at the National Maternity Hospital (NMH) told The Irish Times that terminations had been carried out there prior to the 2013 Act, and that the change brought about by the Act would be to remove the "fear of a possible Medical Council case".
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A bill criminalising FGM was proposed in the Somaliland parliament in 2018; as of August 2019, it has not passed yet. Also in 2018, religious authorities issued a fatwa to condemn the two most severe forms of FGM, but it allowed mixed interpretations on lesser forms of FGM. With only limited government support, health workers from the Somaliland Family Health Association (SOFHA) were campaigning to end the practice by educating citizens village by village. In January 2020, the Somaliland Ministry of Religious Affairs announced the formation of a committee consisting of nine clerics to '[deal] with the issue of female genital mutilation, which needs to be in line with Islamic law', while stating that the ministry is 'committed to combating female genital mutilation'.
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The purpose of the United Nation's asset freeze was to deny listed individuals, groups or entities the "means to support or finance terrorism". The asset freeze was to ensure that no funds, financial assets or economic resources were available to al-Qaeda or any individual connected to the organisation. The onus fell on member states to ensure that they had relevant domestic law criminalising the financing of terrorist organisations, as well as to monitor the activity of national financial institutions to ensure that they were aware of listed individuals and if necessary punish institutions that fail to freeze the assets of individuals. The UN Security Council al- Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee was supported by a Monitoring Team that reported on non-compliance.
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Opposition to the practice of sati by British Christian evangelists, such as Carey, and Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, ultimately led the British Governor-General of India Lord William Bentinck to enact the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829, declaring the practice of burning or burying alive of Hindu widows to be punishable by the criminal courts. These were followed up with other legislation, countering what the British perceived to be interrelated issues involving violence against Hindu women, including: Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870, and Age of Consent Act, 1891. Isolated incidents of sati were recorded in India in the late 20th century, leading the Indian government to promulgate the Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987, criminalising the aiding or glorifying of sati.
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Another reason is the high level of impunity met with acts of sexual assault, as the judicial system is under- resourced and the social status of women in the DRC remains low, to the point that women who are raped are considered worthless. Additionally, displacement, insecurity and continuing conflict only exacerbate violence against women and girls, even by other members of the community as well as armed groups. Since 2006, developments have been made at the national and international levels to directly address violence against women and girls in the DRC. In 2006, the Congolese government adopted a new law providing a legal framework criminalising acts of sexual mutilation, sexual slavery, sexual relations with underage children, and the use of instruments in sexual violence.
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Concerns have been raised that Article 38 of the law exerts extraterritorial jurisdiction over all non-Chinese citizens, which some consider to be criminalising any criticism of the CCP or Chinese government by anyone anywhere in the world. The introduction of the law, and particularly Article 38, caused individuals and international organizations to scramble to adapt to China’s increasing extraterritorial reach. A number of organizations closed down entirely and the exodus of refugees from Hong Kong has increased. Taiwanese outlets reported that a Hong Kong legal scholar, Eric Cheung, sarcastically said "there are 8 billion people who will have to read the national security law" so that they do not break it, and asserted that they have the legal right to enforce it on anyone.
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They reiterated the five key demands of the democracy movement and hoped the march would clear the stereotype that all senior citizens held pro-establishment views. Reverend Chu Yiu-ming called on Carrie Lam to "repent" and urged compassion, asking her to stop dividing society by criminalising young protesters. Demonstrators carried massive vertical protest banners and smaller homemade placards, one of which said 'Children, daddy has come out', and upon reaching government buildings wrote demands onto yellow ribbons and tied them to a metal fence. Another black- with-white fonts vertical protest banner carried by marchers horizontally along the rally stated "Against Structural Violence; We Demand Genuine Universal Suffrage" (「反對制度暴力 我要真普選」).
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In 2002, an appeal by brothel keepers and prostitutes in the country's Constitutional Court, submitting that the laws on prostitution were in breach of the constitution, was dismissed. The most recent legislative change was the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, section 11 which added Section 20(1)(aA) of the SOA, which states that any person who has unlawful carnal intercourse or commits an act of indecency with any other person for reward, is guilty of an offence, effectively criminalising the client as well as the prostitute. In 2017 a report by the South African Law Reform Commission, recommended that the current law be retained (preferred option), or that prostitution should be decriminalised but third party involvement should remain illegal.
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In the UK the Defence of the Realm Act 1914, passed at the onset of the First World War, gave the government wide-ranging powers to requisition property and to criminalise specific activities. A moral panic was whipped up by the press in 1916 over the alleged sale of drugs to the troops of the British Indian Army. With the temporary powers of DORA, the Army Council quickly banned the sale of all psychoactive drugs to troops, unless required for medical reasons. However, shifts in the public attitude towards drugs—they were beginning to be associated with prostitution, vice and immorality—led the government to pass further unprecedented laws, banning and criminalising the possession and dispensation of all narcotics, including opium and cocaine.
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In 1832, further laws were enacted criminalising certain sexual acts between two males, but an LGBT subculture developed in Russia during that century, with many significant Russians being openly homosexual or bisexual. In 1917, the Russian Revolution saw the overthrow of the Tsarist government and the subsequent foundation of the Russian SFSR, the world's first socialist state, followed by the founding of the Soviet Union after the end of the civil war in 1922. The Bolsheviks rewrote the constitution and "produced two Criminal Codes – in 1922 and 1926 – and an article prohibiting gay sex was left off both." The new Communist Party government eradicated the old laws regarding sexual relations, effectively legalising homosexual and transgender activity within Russia, although it remained illegal in other former territories of the Russian Empire.
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The post-Reformation era saw Roman Catholicism in disarray and the 1567 Act of Parliament criminalising the saying or hearing of Mass means that there is little record of how the faithful met for worship. It is known that there were travelling priests who must have visited the town but little is recorded until much later when the arrival of large numbers of Irish families highlighted the dearth of religious care in Linlithgow. Interior of the church Details of Catholicism in the area remain scarce until around the middle of the 19th century when, as a consequence of the famine in Ireland, there was a large influx of Irish Catholics to Scotland. Many worked in the farms in and around the Royal Burgh during the spring and summer months.
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Cannabis prohibition began earlier in Britain's colonies than in Britain itself; attempts at criminalising cannabis in British India were made, and mooted, in 1838, 1871, and 1877. In 1894 the British Indian Hemp Drugs Commission judged that "little injury" was caused to society by the use of cannabis. Cannabis was banned in Mauritius in 1840, Singapore in 1870, Jamaica in 1913, East Africa Protectorate in 1914, and in Sierra Leone in 1920. In 1922, South Africa banned cannabis, and appealed to the League of Nations to include cannabis among prohibited drugs in its upcoming convention. In Britain itself, in 1928 in accordance with the 1925 International Opium Convention, the United Kingdom first prohibited cannabis as a drug, adding cannabis as an addendum to the Dangerous Drugs Act 1920.
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Discussion of proposed law reform became an issue in the 2011 elections, with some support from opposition parties likely to become the new Government. A group of non- government and union bodies emerged pressuring both the current government and opposition parties to abolish prostitution, by criminalising the buying of sex, along Swedish lines. At the same time, those supporting the status quo or advocating a more liberal approach challenged this argument."Pressure groups lock horns over changes to laws on prostitution", Jim Cusack, Irish Independent, 20 February 2011."Irish Justice Minister in move to change laws on purchase of sex", Cathal Dervan, Irish Central, 3 October 2011. In the ensuing Dáil election on 25 February, a new Government was formed by Fine Gael (70 seats) and Labour (34 seats).
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In September 2012, the Oirechtas produced a background document entitled Prostitution regulation in Ireland: which way now? This was followed by a conference in Dublin organised by the Department, to discuss policy alternatives. Following a request by the Minister for Justice and Equality, the Oireachtas Justice Committee held hearings on discussion document between December 2012 and February 2013. Prior to the hearings, a number of the committee members, such as Independent Senator Katherine Zappone, had already committed to a sex purchase ban, and the majority of submissions and presentations supported this measure and were associated with Turn Off the Red Light. In June 2013, it produced a unanimous report recommending reform of Ireland's laws on prostitution, including criminalising purchase, and providing services for those wishing to exit prostitution.
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The report highlighted security plans were appropriate and that the Scottish Government should consider criminalising pitch invasions. However, Rangers raised concerns about several factual inaccuracies and contradictions in the report and asked to discuss this with the SFA. On 30 August, Rangers and Hibernian were issued with notices of complaint by the Scottish FA's compliance officer in relation to the Scottish Cup final. The end of May, post the 2016 Scottish Cup Final, saw Rangers continue preparations for the forthcoming season with the signing of English Championship winner Joey Barton from Burnley, Liverpool youth player Jordan Rossiter, former Tottenham Hotspur play-maker Niko Kranjčar and Rangers managing director Stewart Robertson also disclosed Warburton and Weir were negotiating new contracts, with the pair agreeing one-year extensions on 12 July.
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The 2012 Delhi gang rape case and subsequent protest by civil society resulted in changes in the laws related to rape and offences against women. In April 2013, the Saradha Group financial scandal was unearthed, caused by the collapse of a Ponzi scheme run by Saradha Group, a consortium of over 200 private companies in Eastern India, causing an estimated loss of INR 200–300 billion (US$4–6 billion) to over 1.7 million depositors. In December 2013, the Supreme Court of India overturned the Delhi High Court ruling on Sec 377, criminalising homosexual sex between consenting adults once again in the country. 2010 Ladakh floods damaged 71 towns and villages, including the main town in the area, Leh, and nearby town of Thiksey, where Thikse Monastery is located.
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The National Transitional Council adopted laws in early May 2012 granting immunity to former rebel fighters for acts committed during the civil war, confiscating all former regime assets, criminalising "praising or glorifying" Muammar Gaddafi or his regime, and barring criticism of the revolution or the authority of the Libyan government. It also decreed that detained fighters must be charged and tried by 12 July 2012 or else released. It was not immediately clear whether the laws would govern the transitional period only or would else be permanent. Law 37, which prohibits criticism of the revolution and publication of "propaganda", including vocal support for Gaddafi's family or the ideas of the Green Book, is reportedly based on provisions of the Gaddafi-era penal code banning criticism of the 1969 coup that brought Gaddafi to power.
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Map of Australia highlighting the location of Tasmania Toonen v. Australia was a landmark human rights complaint brought before the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) by Tasmanian resident Nicholas Toonen in 1994. The case resulted in the repeal of Australia's last sodomy laws when the Committee held that sexual orientation was included in the antidiscrimination provisions as a protected status under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In 1991, Toonen complained to the Human Rights Committee that Tasmanian laws criminalising consensual sex between adult males in private were a violation of his right to privacy under Article 17 of ICCPR; distinguished between people on the basis of sexual activity, sexual orientation and identity in violation of Article 26; and meant that gay men in Tasmania were unequal before the law.
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The President is on record as saying [...] that any law brought before her regarding homosexuality will be vetoed. This statement also applies to an initial attempt by two members of the Liberian legislature to introduce tougher laws targeting homosexuality." The letter added "the status quo in Liberia has been one of tolerance and no one has ever been prosecuted under that [current] law," and went on to hint at future possible liberalization stating that "the President thinks that with the unprecedented freedom of speech and expression Liberia enjoys today, our budding democracy will be strong enough to accommodate new ideas and debate both their value and Liberia's laws with openness, respect and independence." The Guardian published a correction to its story: "'Nobel peace prize winner defends law criminalising homosexuality in Liberia' was updated to restore material cut in the editing process.
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McGovern is known for her leadership as a health and human rights scholar addressing a number of issues including LGBT equality, environmental justice, sexual and reproductive health, and overall health outcomes for low-income women. Her legal work tackling health inequalities for low-income people living with HIV/AIDS in New York City, specifically women of color with HIV has led to numerous testimonials before Congress and other policy-makers. Her research focuses on health and human rights, sexual and reproductive rights and health, gender justice, and environmental justice, with publications appearing in journals including Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, Health and Human Rights, and the Journal of Adolescent Health.Santelli, J., Spindler, E., Moore, E., & McGovern, T. (2019). Criminalising sexuality or preventing child marriage: legal interventions and girls’ empowerment. Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 3(4): 206-208. 1\.
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They are Iran, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Mauritania, Sudan, the twelve northern states of Nigeria, and the southern parts of Somalia.State Sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults, The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association, edited by Lucas Paoli Itaborahy, May 2012, pages 4 and 13 The right to sexuality has only relatively recently become the subject of international concern, with the regulation of sexuality traditionally falling within the jurisdiction of the nation state.International Council on Human Rights Sexuality and Human Rights (2009) at 21. Today numerous international non-governmental organisations and intergovernmental organisations are engaged in the protection of the rights of people of diverse sexual orientation as it is increasingly recognised that discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation is widespread and an unacceptable violation of human rights.
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Danish law prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity or expression, among other categories.State-sponsored Homophobia A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults The Act on Prohibition of Unequal Treatment in the Labor Market (), adopted in 1996, defines "discrimination" as follows: Gender identity or expression is not explicitly listed, but a 2015 court ruling, in which a transgender women filed suit against her former employer for alleged discrimination, held that gender identity or expression is included in the law. In 2008, the Act on the Board of Equal Treatment () was passed, establishing the Board of Equal Treatment. Under the Act, the Board "shall consider complaints of differential treatment on the grounds of gender, race, colour, religion or belief, political opinion, sexual orientation, age, disability, or national, social or ethnic origin".
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STRASS took a stand against the draft law criminalising clients of prostitutes, and organised a demonstration on 4 December 2013, which about 200 prostitutes attended. The general secretary since June 2011, Morgane Merteuil had written in advance: "We are pro-sex, pro-porn, pro-whores, and for the freedom to wear the veil", while deeming the draft law abject, anti-feminist and the "Manifesto of the 343 bastards". On 5 June 2017, a priority issue of constitutionality (QPC) was filed by STRASS and eight other associations (including Médecins du Monde) and five sex workers, against the law aimed at penalising clients of prostitution. According to their lawyer Patrice Spinosi : "Our objective is to show that the law that was supposed to protect prostitutes more effectively did not fulfil its objectives, on the contrary, it is counterproductive".
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Marlowe's birth was likely to have been a few days before, making him about two months older than William Shakespeare, who was baptised on 26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. By age 14, Marlowe attended The King's School, Canterbury on scholarship and two years later Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he also studied on scholarship and received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1584. In 1587, the university hesitated to award his Master of Arts degree because of a rumour that he intended to go to the English seminary at Rheims in northern France, presumably to prepare for ordination as a Roman Catholic priest. If true, such an action on his part would have been a direct violation of royal edict issued by Queen Elizabeth I in 1585 criminalising any attempt by an English citizen to be ordained in the Roman Catholic Church.
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Dr. Azzeccagarbugli is at first sympathetic: thinking Renzo is actually the perpetrator, he shows Renzo a recent edict criminalising the making of threats to procure or prevent marriages, but when he hears the name of Don Rodrigo, he panics and drives Renzo away. Lucia sends a message to "Fra Cristoforo" (Friar Christopher), a respected Capuchin friar at the monastery of Pescarenico, asking him to come as soon as he can. Fra Cristoforo and Don Rodrigo When Fra Cristoforo comes to Lucia's cottage and hears the story, he immediately goes to Don Rodrigo's mansion, where he finds the baron at a meal with his cousin Count Attilio, along with four guests, including the mayor and Dr. Azzeccagarbugli. When Don Rodrigo is taken aside by the friar, he explodes with anger at his presumption and sends him away, but not before an old servant has a chance to offer his help to Cristoforo.
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Syed Talha Ahsan's poetry has been acclaimed by various well-known authors, such as A. L. Kennedy. A. L. Kennedy reads Syed Talha Ahsan's poems in Edinburgh at the launch of Ahsan's poetry booklet in 2011 'This be the answer' At the live poetry reading in Edinburgh in February 2011, (which can be viewed on Vimeo) a booklet of his poetry was jointly launched by the Muslim Women's Association of Edinburgh, Scotland Against Criminalising Communities and Radio Ramadan Edinburgh.Ahsan, Talha "This be the answer: poems from prison", 26 February 2011, retrieved 16 May 2012 In July 2011, an event at the Islamic Human Rights Commission took place in London to mark the fifth anniversary of Syed Talha Ahsan's imprisonment with contributions from his lawyer Gareth Peirce and veteran anti-war campaigner Bruce Kent. Actor Avaes Mohammed read a piece by Syed Talha Ahsan especially written for the occasion.
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The Hadopi law, enacted in 2009, allows disconnecting from the Internet users that have been caught illegally downloading copyrighted content, or failing to secure their system against such illegal downloads; as of August 2009, this law is to be supplemented by a Hadopi2 law. The LOPPSI 2 law, brought before Parliament in 2009, will authorize a blacklist of sites providing child pornography, established by the Ministry of the Interior, which Internet service providers will have to block. The Loppsi "Bill on direction and planning for the performance of domestic security" is a far-reaching security bill that seeks to modernise Internet laws, criminalising online identity theft, allowing police to tap Internet connections as well as phone lines during investigations and targeting child pornography by ordering ISPs to filter Internet connections. In 2010, French parliament opposed all the amendments seeking to minimise the use of filtering Internet sites.
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The possible link with what the Government has termed "extreme pornography" led to calls from Longhurst's mother Liz, the police, MP Martin Salter and Home Secretary David Blunkett to ban such websites. A campaign by the Government and Liz Longhurst collected a petition of over 50,000 signatures calling for a ban on "extreme internet sites promoting violence against women in the name of sexual gratification" after the original murder conviction of Graham Coutts. Unable to shut down the websites, many of which were legally hosted in the UK and US, the Home Office was motivated to consult on criminalising possession of "extreme pornographic material", including images of consenting adults, and staged "realistic depictions" of such acts. Although the consultation found 63% of responses opposed strengthening the law to address the "challenges of the Internet", the UK government announced on 30 August 2006 that it intends to introduce new laws governing the possession of "extreme pornography".
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After 11 December 2013 judgement by the Supreme Court of India which reinstated the colonial era Section 377, IPC thereby criminalising homosexual activities, protests were organised all over the world. On 15 December 2013 a Global Day of Rage was organized simultaneously in a number of cities around the world.Daniel Reynolds, "India's Sodomy Ban Incites 'Day of Rage' Among Activists", The Advocate , 13 December 2013Ishita Bhatia, Soumya Pillai "Protestors mark ‘global day of rage’ against Section 377", The Hindustan Times ,15 December 2013 A group of people from Guwahati also joined in with the rest of the world to observe the Global Day of Rage in the city, making it the first ever public protest for LGBT issues in Guwahati.Gaurav Das "First gay rights rally in city", The Times of India, 16 December 2013 Soon after the protests, a group of volunteers got together and decided to organize a LGBT Pride Parade in Guwahati.
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Garba Lompo was elected as the commission's Chairperson in 2001, and re-elected in 2004. His tenure was marked by foreign criticism of the work of the commission. When Timidria, an anti-slavery group, attempted to organize a ceremony to liberate 7,000 slaves in Inatès in early 2005, the CNDHLF said that the group should instead characterize the ceremony as a "campaign for public awareness and popularisation of the law criminalising slave practices". At the ceremony, held on 4-5 March 2005, CNDHLF President Lompo was present and stated that "any attempt to free slaves in the country [remained] illegal and unacceptable"; he also said that "any person celebrating a slave liberation [would] be punished under the law". In its report released on 28 April 2005, the CNDHLF stated that slavery did not exist in the area and accused those who spread the slavery "rumours" of secretly working to "tarnish the image of the country" and deter donors.
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Sir Boshan was appointed a Justice of the Peace in 1883 and an unofficial member of the Legislative Council in 1896, representing the Chinese community alongside Sir Ho Kai. In the 1908–09 session presided by Governor Sir Frederick Lugard, an Ordinance to amend the Magistrate's Ordinance 1890 and to effect certain other amendments in the criminal law was tabled in the Legislative Council, criminalising the Chinese habit of spitting in and out of doors were strongly dissented by Sir Ho Kai and Sir Boshan, on the ground that to penalise a universal and almost involuntary habit would antagonise the whole Chinese population. A petition movement with 8,000 signature were launched and defeated the legislation. Shortly after the Chinese revolution of 1911, Sir Boshan and Ho Kai voted for an amendment to the Peace Preservation Ordinance which authorised the flogging of rabble-rousers in the prisons, in order to prevent any political and economic instability in Hong Kong, despite Wei and Ho supported the revolution.
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On 4 August 1997, in the case of S v Kampher, the Cape Provincial Division of the High Court ruled that the common-law crime of sodomy was incompatible with the constitutional rights to equality and privacy, and that it had ceased to exist as an offence when the Interim Constitution came into force on 27 April 1994. Strictly speaking, this judgment only applied to the crime of sodomy and not to the other laws criminalising sex between men, and it was also only binding precedent within the area of jurisdiction of the Cape court. On 8 May 1998, in the case of National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice, the Witwatersrand Local Division of the High Court ruled that the common-law crimes of sodomy and "commission of an unnatural sexual act", as well as Section 20A of the Sexual Offences Act, were unconstitutional. The Constitutional Court confirmed this judgment on 9 October of the same year.
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The Tasmanian Parliament's repeated refusal to pass laws decriminalising private same-sex sexual acts resulted in local resident Nicholas Toonen bringing a human rights complaint to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, which ruled in Toonen's favour on 31 March 1994. The Committee noted that "the criminalisation of homosexual practices cannot be considered a reasonable means or proportionate measure to achieve the aim of preventing the spread of AIDS/HIV," further noting that "The Australian Government observes that statutes criminalising homosexual activity tend to impede public health programmes by driving underground many of the people at the risk of infection."Toonen v. Australia University of Minnesota Gay activists and Amnesty International also mounted a campaign in favour of reform including demonstrations in the state and elsewhere, holding meetings between LGBTI Tasmanians and community groups across the state and gay men self-reporting their then-illegal consensual activities to police to illustrate that the laws were unenforceable, given that police would not prosecute them on the basis that it was not in the public interest.
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After Graham Coutts' conviction in February 2004, the government and police forces called for "violent" adult pornography sites to be shut down and Jane Longhurst's mother and sister launched a campaign against such sites. A petition (which gained 50,000 signatures) promoted by MP Martin Salter was submitted to the government, demanding a ban of "extreme internet sites promoting violence against women in the name of sexual gratification". The government was unsuccessful in shutting down such sites, since they are based in other countries and are legally made with consenting adults. In August 2005 the British government consulted on, instead, criminalising the possession of such images. On 30 August 2006 the government published the results of the consultation, and announced its intention to introduce a possession ban on all extreme pornography as soon as the legislative timetable allowed. Opinions on the proposals were sharply divided in the consultation, with 61 percent (241 out of 397) of responses rejecting the need for stronger laws in this area and 36 percent in favour (3 percent gave no opinion).
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At the time of the November- December 2004 presidential and parliamentary election, Lombo congratulated the people on conducting themselves with a sense of civic responsibility during the election."Nigeriens vote in second presidential ballot Saturday", Pana (accessmylibrary.com), 4 December 2004. When Timidria, an anti-slavery group, attempted to organize a ceremony to liberate 7,000 slaves in Inatès in early 2005, the CNDHLF said that the group should instead characterize the ceremony as a "campaign for public awareness and popularisation of the law criminalising slave practices". At the ceremony, held on 4-5 March 2005, CNDHLF President Lompo was present and stated that "any attempt to free slaves in the country [remained] illegal and unacceptable"; he also said that "any person celebrating a slave liberation [would] be punished under the law". In its report released on 28 April 2005, the CNDHLF stated that slavery did not exist in the area and accused those who spread the slavery "rumours" of secretly working to "tarnish the image of the country" and deter donors.
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The original vagrancy laws were discriminatory in that they were applied overwhelmingly to women and criminalised the status of "being a common prostitute" rather than criminalising the behaviours associated with prostitution. For these reasons, the original status offences for prostitution could be said to contravene the current Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Both the judiciary and the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women complained about this. In 1972 section 164.1: > No Apparent Means of Support > Every one commits vagrancy who: > (a) -not having any apparent means of support is found wandering abroad or > trespassing and does not, when required, justify his presence in the place > where he is found; > (b) -begs from door to door or in a public place; > (c) -being a common prostitute or night walker is found in a public place > and does not, when required, give a good account of herself was replaced by language prohibiting soliciting (communicating) for the purposes of prostitution (section 195.1), which read: > every person who solicits any person in a public place for the purpose of > prostitution is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction.
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In July 2006, mrbrown's weekly column in newspaper Today was terminated after he highlighted the immediate price hikes after the 2006 Singapore general elections. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said mrbrown's column had ‘‘hit out wildly at the government and in a very mocking and dismissive sort of tone’’ and Minister for Information, Communication and the Arts sent a letter saying his article could undermine national stability, and that it was "not the role of journalists or newspapers in Singapore to champion issues, or campaign for or against the government". In 2012, blogger Alex Au was made by the Attorney General's Chambers and prime minister Lee Hsien Loong to remove his blog posts and apologise several times for various issues, including his questioning of the judicial sentencing of doctor Woffles Wu for a traffic offence, as well as his observations of the saga involving the sale of the ruling party's town councils' software to an IT firm. He was subsequently charged for scandalising the judiciary in 2015 for suggesting judicial partiality towards two constitutional challenges against the Singapore law criminalising sex between men in his blog posts.
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On 2 May 2007, a criminal investigation was opened into the attacks under a section of the Estonian Penal Code criminalising computer sabotage and interference with the working of a computer network, felonies punishable by imprisonment of up to three years. As a number of attackers turned out to be within the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, on 10 May 2007, Estonian Public Prosecutor's Office made a formal investigation assistance request to the Russian Federation's Supreme Procurature under a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) existing between Estonia and Russia. A Russian State Duma delegation visiting Estonia in early May in regards the situation surrounding the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn had promised that Russia would aid such investigation in every way available. On 28 June, Russian Supreme Procurature refused assistance,Postimees 6 July 2007: Venemaa jätab Eesti küberrünnakute uurimisel õigusabita claiming that the proposed investigative processes are not covered by the applicable MLAT.Eesti Päevaleht 6 July 2007: Venemaa keeldus koostööst küberrünnakute uurimisel Piret Seeman, the Estonian Public Prosecutor's Office's PR officer, criticized this decision, pointing out that all the requested processes are actually enumerated in the MLAT.
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Criminal law has a general prohibition against common assault and battery, but corporal punishment is legal through tradition and an implicit common law justification/defence (R v Hopley 2F&F; 202, 1860"By the law of England, a parent [repealled - referred to school teachers] may for the purpose of correcting what is evil in the child inflict moderate and reasonable corporal punishment, always, however, with this condition, that it is moderate and reasonable." Chief Justice Lord Cockburn, CJ in case R v Hopley 2F&F; 202 (1860)) to such charges for parents striking their children in the context of "lawful correction" where the act is "moderate and reasonable". The Children Act 2004 effectively provides a statutory definition of immoderate by disallowing this justification for any act of punishment inflicting injuries or effects that amount to wounding, actual bodily harm (ABH), or any act considered "cruelty to persons under sixteen" in violation of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 and was described at implementation as criminalising "visible bruising""Smacking ban introduced", The Daily Telegraph, London, 15 January 2005. and rendering lesser injuries (comparable to "not serious" common assault) implicitly lawful/defensible.
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Two cases decided in 1992 established a new implied right to freedom of communication on political matters. The first case, Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills, concerned a Federal provision criminalising the "bringing into disrepute" of members of an industrial relations tribunal, and a prosecution under that provision of a person who had published a newspaper article repeatedly describing such members as "corrupt" and "compliant".; See also The second case, Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, concerned a Federal attempt to ban political advertising on radio and television during election periods and to strictly control it at other times, via a system of "free time" entitlements.. In both cases, the majority of the High Court reasoned that, since the Constitution required direct election of members of the Federal Parliament, and since moreover the Ministers of State were required to be or swiftly become members of that Parliament, the result was that "representative democracy is constitutionally entrenched". That being so, freedom of public discussion of political and economic matters is essential to allow the people to make their political judgments so as to exercise their right to vote effectively.
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State- sponsored Homophobia. A world survey of laws: Criminalisation, protection and recognition of same-sex love, 2013 , ILGA Arrests for homosexuality have occurred as recently as 2011. The laws were a legacy of British colonial rule, left over after the island gained independence in the 1960s. While the Republic of Cyprus decriminalised homosexuality in 1998 in order to accede membership of the European Union (EU) in 2004, the north's disputed status means it lies outside the EU's jurisdiction. Repeal of the criminalisation of male homosexuality had been under serious consideration since 2006.Shoffman, Marc (13 October 2006) Northern Cyprus decriminalises homosexuality , Pink News In October 2011, MEP Marina Yannakoudakis claimed that during a visit to Northern Cyprus, President Derviş Eroğlu promised her he would legalise homosexuality to bring it in line with Turkey, the Republic of Cyprus and the rest of Europe.Geen, Jessica (20 October 2011) London MEP says North Cyprus president promised to repeal anti-gay laws, Pink News In December 2011, it was announced that, due to mounting pressure from MEPs, Northern Cypriot lawmakers would repeal the law currently criminalising homosexuality. President Derviş Eroğlu, the incumbent leader of the government, expressed that he would sign the bill into law when it came to him.
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