Grantham, roughly by road and two stops on the Poacher Line, is a major stop on the East Coast Main Line. Trains from Grantham to London King's Cross take approximately 1 hour 15 minutes. The River Slea through the town was converted into use as a canal for much of the 19th century. Plans to canalise it were drawn up in 1773,Pawley 1996, p.
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In 1839, William Cock and George Hodgkinson started to block the natural river mouth to the east and canalise the present opening to the sea. By 1841 South Africa's first man-made harbour was opened after completion of the stone lined channel between the ocean and the Kowie river. This allowed high-masted sailing ships with their heavy cargo to dock at the wharf.
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It was proposed in the 1950s to electrify the lines of the Saar with the modern French electrification system (25 kV, 50 Hz). Instead it was decided to canalise the Moselle between France and Germany. The Koblenz–Trier line was electrified in 1973, which is marked by a plaque at Trier station. On 16 January 1995,Deutsche Bahn notices of 4 January 1995 (#1), Message 7 a centralised traffic control centre at Wittlich Hbf was put into operation, remotely controlling several signal boxes.
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Much work was carried out in the 1970s to canalise the Mersey, in an effort to speed up the flow of floodwater and thus reduce the risk of flooding. Upstream emergency floodbasins such as Sale Water Park, lying just to the east of Urmston, have also been constructed. The M60 Manchester orbital motorway passes through the northern half of Urmston, from southeast to northwest, and the M62 motorway lies just to the west. The Thirlmere Aqueduct also passes through the Urmston area.
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This site was known as Atzekaldeta, a basque name which refers to the location of the place in the rear part of the town. Thus time passed quietly for both the borough of Mungia and the anteiglesia of the same name. They were independent entities, although they joined together for the sake of some services and improvements. Thus, the school was common to both, and when the time arrived to canalise the water from the Gondramendi mountain to the village both shared the expenditure.
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Despite the strong mineral traffic, the Saar line was not one of the first lines of Deutsche Bundesbahn to be electrified. Electrification was first extended to Merzig and later to Saarhölzbach. Only in 1974 was the electrification completed to Trier and Koblenz. It is electrified at the standard German system of 15 kV, 16.7 Hz. It was proposed in the 1950s to electrify the lines of the Saar with the modern French electrification system of 25 kV, 50 Hz. Instead it was decided to canalise the Moselle between France and Germany.
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The next advance took place in 1788, when William Jessop was asked to survey the river, with a view to extending navigation. His plan to canalise the river upwards from Lewes was embodied in an Act of Parliament obtained in 1790, which created the Company of Proprietors of the River Ouse Navigation to manage that project. He also recognised that navigation between Lewes and Newhaven was only possible when there were spring tides, and proposed making the channel wider, deeper and straighter to rectify this. The work would include of new cut, to resolve the worst of the meanders, and a second Act of Parliament created the Lower Ouse Navigation Company in 1791.
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The House of Commons journal of 31 January 1699 records that the freeholders, inhabitants and residents of Ibsley and Fordingbridge petitioned the House on the fact that they could not comply with the 1664 Act and were never likely to do so. The House sided with them and effectively declared its view of the law, the finality of which, lacking Royal Assent, the law of rights of way is unclear on but makes more likely the view of the Act became voidable as the works to canalise the Avon were never implemented. Undecisive court cases were brought in 1737 and 1772 to enforce the alleged but not exercised right (to benefit barge owners).
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William Jessop surveyed the river in 1788, and produced proposals to canalise the upper river above Lewes, and to radically improve the lower river. The Proprietors of the River Ouse Navigation were created by Act of Parliament in 1790, and eventually built 19 locks, to enable boats to reach Upper Ryelands Bridge at Balcombe. Trustees and the Commissioners of the Lewes and Laughton Levels jointly managed the work on the lower river, and the agriculturalist John Ellman continued the progress while he was Expenditor for the Commissioners, which enabled 120-ton ships to reach Lewes by 1829. Navigation on the upper river could not compete with the railways, and all traffic had ceased by 1868.
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The line was not connected to any other railway, and served to connect the shipping on the two lakes to each other, and to Interlaken. The route of the Bödeli Railway crosses the Aare twice, using bridges with little headroom beneath them, and it has been suggested that this was done deliberately in order to dissuade attempts to canalise the river and thus maintain the railway's role. From 1873, the Bödeli Railway also operated a train ferry on Lake Thun, providing a connection for freight to the Bern–Thun railway line at Thun. In 1890, the Lake Thun Railway company obtained a concession for a railway from Scherzligen in Thun, via Spiez, to an end-on connection with the existing Bödeli Railway at Därligen.
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Perhaps his most notable achievements were the Maida Hill and Islington tunnels – the latter was the longest on the canal, and when Telford himself was invited to inspect it in 1818, he opined: "materials and workmanship excellent, and its direction perfectly straight".James Morgan – Canal Engineer at London Canal Museum The tunnel opened in 1820 and Morgan retained his role with the company for a further 15 years. Morgan's other projects included: proposals (never realised) to canalise a stretch of the River Stour to Canterbury in Kent, a terrace of houses in Leamington Spa (with Nash) in 1827, St George's Church, Wolverhampton (1828-1830), and alterations to Bushbury Church, to the north of Wolverhampton (also 1830). He died in London, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery.
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The estuary forms part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Special Protection Area for wildlife. Before the installation of tidal floodgates at Hightown in the 18th Century, the river was once called a "troublesome little river" its ever changing course cutting through the field boundaries, threatening roads and bridges and was rumoured to have wiped out the hamlet of Altmouth sometime between 1577 and 1713. However, studies of mapping have shown that there was never a village symbol at Altmouth on the maps, although one mapman stated there was a village there, but was unclear as to if it was on the north or south side of the river mouth. Flooding along the river was a problem until the 1960s when work to straighten and canalise the river, plus the opening of pumping stations at Crossens in 1959 and Altmouth in 1972, ended the regular inundation of fields by water from the sources and from the sea.
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