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"bifocal" Definitions
  1. bifocal glasses are made of an upper part, for looking at things at a distance, and a lower part, for looking at things that are close to you
"bifocal" Antonyms

76 Sentences With "bifocal"

How to use bifocal in a sentence? Find typical usage patterns (collocations)/phrases/context for "bifocal" and check conjugation/comparative form for "bifocal". Mastering all the usages of "bifocal" from sentence examples published by news publications.

I found myself wishing for an auditory version of bifocal lenses.
In 1986, bifocal lenses cost upward of $400 — almost $900 in today's dollars.
With molds, he could reproduce and customize successful images, cultivating a bifocal market, elitist and popular.
Bifocal contacts came into clinical use in the 1950s, but it was decades before they were widely prescribed.
Bifocal contact lenses came into clinical use in the 1950s, but they were not widely prescribed for decades.
Mr. Stillman "sees this special Manhattan world through the good satirist's bifocal lenses," Vincent Canby wrote in The Times.
The Fresnel optical waveguide, which is built into the lens itself, also makes the glass look more like a bifocal than a normal lens.
First, she turned an old bifocal factory inside out, knitting old glasses frames into a chain-mail exterior and flooding the interior with intimate design.
Their users are likely to be those who skew towards the older side, as they tend to be the demographic with the need for bifocal lenses.
Franklin's story of launching a successful printing business, inventing bifocal glasses and creating the lightning rod inspires Must to create new products and launch new businesses.
My cataracts left me wearing thick bifocal glasses and with a condition called nystagmus, rapid muscle movements that make my wandering eyes carry on a rich life of their own.
But then Mom removes his thick bifocal glasses to adjust his breathing mask and suddenly, with that last layer of defense stripped away, he looks every day of his 82 years.
He wore slim-fit black jeans, a tie, and a black corduroy jacket under his robe, and had a hearing aid, purplish bifocal shades, and a sly it's-all-gravy smile.
Older people often do better with single-focus lenses, which may mean two different pairs, one for distance and another for reading, rather than one pair of progressive or bifocal lenses.
Such a bifocal practice, which upholds the grid as a method of construction while exposing its ideological blind spots, is also evidenced in the work of the Indian artist and activist, Navjot.
But patients can choose lenses that correct near as well as distance vision; lenses that shift focus on near or distant objects in response to eye muscle movements; and bifocal or progressive lenses.
If, like me, you use many different printed documents at the same time, consider getting special computer glasses — bifocal or progressive lenses with the upper portion ideal for screen reading and the lower designed for print distance.
Being denied the chance to see Ms. von Heyl's paintings in person can, if nothing else, clarify the bifocal strategies art like this demands of us and the ways painting can bridge the gallery and the screen.
As a child, my thick bifocal glasses and lack of confidence made me the brunt of cruel names and pranks, like being surrounded by kids who threw things on the ground and forced me to look for them.
The composition "Bifocal Blues" was originally called "Bitonal Blues" and humorously rechristened in honour of Brubeck's advanced age.
The FlexivueMicrolens (PresbiaCoöperatief U.A.) is a refractive hydrophilic polymer lens. The central zone of the lens is free of refractive power and the peripheral zone has a standard positive refractive power. This inlay works on a similar principle to bifocal glasses. The bifocal design provides two images to the retina simultaneously.
When contact lenses were becoming popular, Borish became an early adopter, prescribing them to several of his clients and family. In particular he was interested in the bifocal contact lenses. He devised methods and processes to create bifocal contact lenses for optimum performance. He established a lab in association with Emil Faris and Ronald Ulmer to produce quality lenses called the Indiana Contact Lens Company.
Customers must have a valid prescription prior to purchasing prescription eyeglasses from EyeBuyDirect. The company sells multiple types of lenses, including bifocal, progressive, and Transitions lenses.
The diving beetle has a unique bifocal lens which is asymmetric. The protein makeup of the middle of the lens is different from that along the edges. Scientists have found that this disparity in the lens goes hand-in-hand with the multiple retinas in each eye. The bifocal asymmetric lens allows for two images to be formed within the eye – each focusing on one of the retinas.
The use of reading glasses when doing close work may improve vision by reducing or eliminating the need to accommodate. Altering the use of eyeglasses between full-time, part-time, and not at all does not appear to alter myopia progression. The American Optometric Association's Clinical Practice Guidelines found evidence of effectiveness of bifocal lenses and recommends it as the method for "myopia control". In some studies, bifocal and progressive lenses have not shown differences in altering the progression of myopia.
Far-sighted or aging colonial Americans imported spectacles from Europe. Spectacles were primarily for the affluent and literate colonists, who required a valuable and precious appliance. Benjamin Franklin in the 1780s developed the bifocals. Bifocal lenses advanced little in the first half of the 19th century. The terms bifocal and trifocal were introduced in London by John Isaac Hawkins, whose trifocals were patented in 1827. In 1884 B. M. Hanna was granted patents on two forms of bifocals which become commercially standardized as the "cemented" and "perfection" bifocals.
Had hard covers and additions to third edition. (Franklin's bifocal glasses shown on the book) The fourth edition, published in 1769, is the first complete edition in one volume and had hard covers. He added footnotes to make certain issues clearer.
He entered Jefferson Medical College in 1885 and graduated in 1888. He then opened an Ophthalmology office in Philadelphia. During that time he invented the cemented bifocal lens. He was the first president of the Association of Medical Librarians (now the Medical Library Association).
Adding new members to the group, they released a third full length on Bifocal Media in mid-2005. Cherry Valence is a reference to the character from The Outsiders (novel), a 1967 novel by S. E. Hinton, subsequently made into the 1983 film of the same name.
He worked as a legal advisor for BP Southern Africa 1952–1981. His nephew was the British poet, Pete Morgan. Robert Dederick published two collections of poems, The Quest and other Poems and Bifocal. He was a regular contributor to The Cape Times, Standpunte, New Coin, Contrast, etc.
Benjamin Franklin conducted a series of experiments that deepened human understanding of electricity. Among other things, he proved what had been suspected but never before shown: that lightning is a form of electricity. Franklin also invented such conveniences as bifocal eyeglasses. Franklin also conceived the mid-room furnace, the "Franklin Stove".
Closer to the product launch, numerous pricing strategies had been elaborated. In the end, Maintenaz's invention would be fixed between Essel's bifocal lens, the Diachrolux, and its trifocal lens, the Trilux. Without much brainstorming, Maintenaz's progressive lens was given a name following suit with the other premium products: Varilux.Le Roux 2008, p.51.
Burghfield is about southwest of Reading. The parish, sharing in its amenities, is bifocal or polyfocal: Its two main populated areas are Burghfield Common and Burghfield Village; its small hamlets include Burghfield Bridge, Pingewood, Burghfield Hill, Trash Green, Whitehouse Green and Sheffield Bottom. The area is relatively large and of varying density.
Diving masks can be fitted with prescription lenses for divers needing optical correction to improve vision. Corrective lenses are ground flat on one side and optically cemented to the inside face of the mask lens. This provides the same amount of correction above and below the surface of the water. Bifocal lenses are also available for this application.
Progressive addition or varifocal lenses provide a smooth transition from distance correction to near correction, eliminating segment lines and allowing clear vision at all distances, including intermediate (roughly arms' length)."Progressive Memories & Calculus" The lack of any abrupt change in power and the uniform appearance of the lens gives rise to the name "no-line bifocal".
Multifocal contact lenses (e.g. bifocals or progressives) are comparable to spectacles with bifocals or progressive lenses because they have multiple focal points. Multifocal contact lenses are typically designed for constant viewing through the center of the lens, but some designs do incorporate a shift in lens position to view through the reading power (similar to bifocal glasses).
The optical center of the add segment may be placed on the lens surface or may hang off into empty space near the lens surface. Although the surface profile of a bifocal segment is spherical, it is often trimmed to have straight edges so that it is contained within a small region of the overall lens surface.
These bifocals are upside down as they rest on the surface. The add segment of the lens for near vision is the "D" shaped area. A bifocal is a lens with two sections, separated by a line (see image to the right). Generally, the upper part of the lens is used for distance vision, while the lower segment is used for near vision.
Dnyaneshwar Dnyan Mandir English High School, Thane was established in the year 1975, and in 2010, the new management of Goodwill International Foundation Trust (GIFT) took over the school. The President of the Trust and Board of Governors is Mrs. Nandini R. Vichare. Now GIFT runs a Nursery, Pre Primary, Primary School, High School and Junior College of Science and Commerce with General and Bifocal stream.
To be eligible for the program, applicants must be in financial need, have had a recent eye exam, and have no other resources available to them to pay for glasses, including federal or state programs or assistance from local charitable organizations. New Eyes does not pay for eye exams. A New Eyes voucher typically covers only the cost of a basic pair of single or bifocal eyeglasses.
Bifocals and trifocals result in a more complex lens profile, compounding multiple surfaces. The main lens is composed of a typical ophthalmic lens. Thus the base curve defines the front surface of the main part of the lens while the back surface geometry is changed to achieve the desired distance power. The "bifocal" is a third spherical segment, called an add segment, found on the front surface of the lens.
He holds several patents for his work on contact lenses. He developed methods to alter the spherical or cylindrical powers of the lenses which in turn he applied in the process for making bifocal lenses. He drew inspiration for this method while looking at a Dr. Scholl's shoe insert display at a drugstore. He continued to be a consultant for Bausch & Lomb and other glasses and lens manufacturers for numerous years.
The culture never quite exists nor does it seem to vanish. Some of the manifestations of the Mexican-American culture in Los Angeles can be found in what Lipsitz called a "historical bloc". This historical bloc refers to a group of different affinity groups that relate to each other through "counter- hegemonic". The groups bond over their bifocal existence in between spaces, their juxtaposition of multiple realities, and their families of resemblance.
A bifocal corrective eyeglass lens A pair of contact lenses, positioned with the concave side facing upward A corrective lens is a lens typically worn in front of the eye to improve vision. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye. Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye.
Lenticular lenses are sometimes used as corrective lenses for improving vision. A bifocal lens could be considered a simple example. Lenticular eyeglass lenses have been employed to correct extreme hyperopia (farsightedness), a condition often created by cataract surgery when lens implants are not possible. To limit the great thickness and weight that such high-power lenses would otherwise require, all the power of the lens is concentrated in a small area in the center.
A Fresnel lens has its optical surface broken up into narrow rings, allowing the lens to be much thinner and lighter than conventional lenses. Durable Fresnel lenses can be molded from plastic and are inexpensive. Lenticular lenses are arrays of microlenses that are used in lenticular printing to make images that have an illusion of depth or that change when viewed from different angles. Bifocal lens has two or more, or a graduated, focal lengths ground into the lens.
Lipsitz suggests that the Mexican community in Los Angeles reoriented their traditions to fit the postmodern present. Seeking a "unity of disunity", minority groups can attempt to find solidarity by presenting themselves as sharing experience with other oppressed groups. According to Lipsitz, this disunity creates a disunity that furthermore engenders a "historical bloc," made up of numerous, multifaceted, marginalized cultures. Lipsitz noted the bifocal nature of the rock group Los Lobos is particularly exemplary of this paradox.
Contact lenses can be worn under all types of masks and helmets. Regular spectacles can be worn in most helmets, but can not be adjusted during the dive. Corrective lenses can be glued to the inside of half-masks and some full-face masks, but the distance from the eyes to the lenses may not be optimal. Bifocal arrangements are available, mostly for far-sightedness, and are popular with older divers to allow them to read their instruments.
Vignola, Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture, translated with an introduction by Branko Mitrovic (New York: Acanthus Press, 1999), p. 17. . Vignola's second treatise, Due regole della prospettiva pratica ["Two rules of practical perspective"], published posthumously with extensive commentary by the mathematician Ignazio Danti (Bologna 1583), favours one-point perspective rather than two-point methods such as the bifocal construction. Vignola presented— without theoretical obscurities— practical applications which could be understood by a prospective patron.
Bifocal lenses are also available for this application. Some masks are made with removable lenses, and a range of standard corrective lenses are available which can be fitted. Plastic self-adhesive lenses that can be applied to the inside of the mask may fall off if the mask is flooded for a significant period. Contact lenses may be worn under a mask or helmet, but there is some risk of losing them if the mask floods.
But the Supreme Court held that even though the lens blanks were unpatented their sale by the patentee triggered exhaustion of the patent. The Court considered that the blanks "embodie[d] essential features of the patented device", they were not used for anything else, and that was sufficient to trigger the exhaustion doctrine.Univis, 316 U.S. at 249. What made the finished lenses operate as desired (in bifocal eyeglasses) was that they had fused layers of glass with two different refractive indexes.
Higher power lenses can cause distortion of peripheral vision and may become thick and heavy if a large lens shape is used. However, if the lens becomes too small, the field of view can be drastically reduced. Bifocal, trifocal, and progressive lenses generally require a taller lens shape to leave room for the different segments while preserving an adequate field of view through each segment. Frames with rounded edges are the most efficient for correcting myopic prescriptions, with perfectly round frames being the most efficient.
Even though they are exerting a normal amount of accommodative or 'focusing' effort, the amount of convergence associated with this effort is excessive, thus giving rise to esotropia. In such cases an additional hyperopic correction is often prescribed in the form of bifocal lenses, to reduce the degree of accommodation, and hence convergence, being exerted. Many children will gradually learn to control their esotropias, sometimes with the help of orthoptic exercises. However, others will eventually require extra-ocular muscle surgery to resolve their problems.
The Neer classification of proximal humerus fractures is the most commonly used classification system. It classifies fractures depending on the number of segments (2-4 parts), and whether or not there is displacement present. This classification has a low amount of agreement between physicians using the classification system, although formal training sessions may improve agreement. The AO/OTA classification system is another commonly used system that groups fractures depending on whether the fracture is unifocal or bifocal, and whether or not the fracture goes through the articular surface.
Scuba diver with bifocal lenses fitted to a mask Underwater, things are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water. They are also blurred by scattering of light between the object and the viewer, also resulting in lower contrast. These effects vary with wavelength of the light, and color and turbidity of the water. The vertebrate eye is usually either optimised for underwater vision or air vision, as is the case in the human eye.
He continued to use them, encouraged by his teacher to do so. Shortly afterward, he was encouraged by Dr. Kenneth Ogel at the Dartmouth Eye Institute to place a +3.5 diopter lens on the left objective lens of the bifocals. This created a "giant bifocal system" which allowed him to see the blackboard through the right side, then use the left side to write down what he had seen. He used this system throughout the rest of his schooling, and also while employed at the Bureau of Standards and at RAND.
Laser Blended Vision is a sophisticated laser eye treatment which is used to treat presbyopia (ageing eyes) (progressive loss of the ability to focus on nearby objects) or other age-related eye conditions.Eye health: Presbyopia and your eyes. It can be used to help people that simply need reading glasses, and also those who have started to need bifocal or varifocal spectacle correction due to ageing changes in the eye. It can be used for people who are also short-sighted (myopia) or long-sighted (hyperopia) and who also may have astigmatism.
A bifocal reflectarray has two principle foci, so can focus wavefronts to or from two feeding antennas simultaneously. A dual reflectarray consists of two stages of reflection, in which the beam is first focused by one reflectarray, then by another. The phase distribution on each reflectarray must be carefully calculated to ensure that the phase derivatives are consistent with the angle of incidence of the rays The ratio of the sizes and positions of these reflectarrays can be used to achieve quasi-optical magnification (narrowing of the beam).
Scuba diver with bifocal lenses fitted to a mask Underwater, things are less visible because of lower levels of natural illumination caused by rapid attenuation of light with distance passed through the water. They are also blurred by scattering of light between the object and the viewer, also resulting in lower contrast. These effects vary with wavelength of the light, and color and turbidity of the water. The vertebrate eye is usually either optimised for underwater vision or air vision, as is the case in the human eye.
Scuba diver with bifocal lenses in half mask There are two basic categories of diving mask: The half mask covers the eyes and nose, and the full face mask covers eyes, nose and mouth, and therefore includes a part of the breathing apparatus. The half mask is described here. Diving masks may have a single, durable, tempered glass faceplate, or two lenses in front of the eyes. These may be supported by a relatively rigid plastic or metal frame, or they may be permanently bonded to the rim of the skirt, in a construction known as "frameless".
In 2008, Essilor designed the Varilux Experience, a virtual simulation concept using the various ophthalmic solutions offered to presbyopes. Varilux Experience demonstrates the technologies used to produce Varilux lenses, which are quite similar to those used in research laboratories, so as to provide an effective communication aid for optical professionals and their customers with presbyopia. In a theater showing a 3D film, viewers wearing polarized, stereoscopic glasses follow in the footsteps of a young man with presbyopia. Stage-by-stage, he experiences the vision produced by single-vision and bifocal lenses, and then that of standard progressive lenses, and ultimately Varilux lenses.
Scientists have discovered the larval visual system of Thermonectus marmoratus have incredibly complex eyes that resemble a camera's bifocal capabilities. The beetle has a total of 12 eyes (six eyes on either side of its head), but a total of twenty eight retinas. Early in the organism's development, there are many conserved functions and cell lineages between the diving beetle and other insect species such as the fly (Drosophila). However, there are also some stark differences, including larger numbers of cells which will form the two retinas per eye, as well as a large scale reorganization of the eye tissues.
For people with presbyopia and hyperopia, bifocal and trifocal glasses provide two or three different refractive indices, respectively, and progressive lenses have a continuous gradient. Reading glasses provide a separate set of glasses for focusing on close-by objects. Reading glasses are available without prescription from drugstores, and offer a cheap, practical solution, though these have a pair of simple lenses of equal power, and so will not correct refraction problems like astigmatism or refractive or prismatic variations between the left and right eye. For the total correction of the individual's sight, glasses complying to a recent ophthalmic prescription are required.
On February 10, 1997, a construction crew behind the Desert Crossing Shopping Center in Palm Desert, California discovered a camp with the body of a middle aged white woman inside. Cause of death was found to be complications from heart disease. The woman was estimated to be between 35 and 55 years old, was 5 feet 6 inches tall and weighed 145 pounds. She was found wearing blue jeans, a yellow windbreaker, tan underwear, a white sleeveless shirt, a white and tan shirt, tan jacket, tan bra, a yellow metal wedding ring, an amber pendant and a pair of bifocal eyeglasses.
Cost: Progressive lenses are more expensive than bifocal and single-vision lenses due to higher manufacturing and fitting costs. Some research has been conducted to reduce the fabrication cost by precision injection molding. When recommending a progressive lens design, an eyecare practitioner will usually ask the customer some questions about their lifestyle, which coupled with prescription restrictions or recommendations and cost can establish the suitability of various models of progressive lens. Different lenses have different glazing restrictions, lens material availabilities, maximum and minimum fitting heights, prescription ranges and as such the variation in quality between higher and lower end varifocal lenses is considerable.
Following in his father's and in his grandfather's footsteps, Bernard Maitenaz joined Société des Lunetiers (which became Essel, and is now Essilor) in 1948 as a research engineer after receiving diplomas from École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Métiers and Institut d’Optique.Le Roux 2008, p.16. The idea of the progressive lens came to him as he tried on his father's bifocal lenses. The abrupt transition of power seemed unnatural to him, and he believed it to be more rational to use a lens that would correct far vision on the upper portion of the lens, intermediate vision in its middle part and near vision in its lower part.
Multifocal contact lenses are typically designed for constant viewing through the center of the lens, but some designs do incorporate a shift in lens position to view through the reading power (similar to bifocal glasses). Monovision is the use of single-vision lenses (one focal point per lens) to focus an eye (typically the dominant one) for distance vision and the other for near work. The brain then learns to use this setup to see clearly at all distances. A technique called modified monovision uses multifocal lenses and also specializes one eye for distance and the other for near, thus gaining the benefits of both systems.
Describing the beginning of his literary career, Pule explained: :“I just wanted to write about growing up in New Zealand, and about being the youngest of 17 kids and about migration—but I wasn’t sure how to organise ideas, so I just started writing.”"The Bifocal World of John Pule: This Niuean Writer and Painter Is Still Searching For A Place To Call Home" , Scott Whitney, Pacific Magazine, 1 July 2002 He also described his writing as a means of "decolonizing his mind". His work expresses his experience as a Niuean in New Zealand: :“My heart and my thoughts were always on Niue. But here I was living in Aotearoa on someone else's land.
Thermonectus marmoratus is a relatively colorful North American species of diving beetle known by the common names sunburst diving beetle and spotted diving beetle. The behavior of this diving beetle has been compared to a scuba diver, since it carries with it a bubble of air as it dives down into the water. The beetle has recently become notable when it was discovered that its aquatic larval stage is the first ever recorded use of bifocal technology in the animal world. The beetle uses in its principal eyes two retinas and two distinct focal planes that are substantially separated, in the manner of bifocals to switch their vision from up-close to distance, for easy and efficient capture of their prey.
The synagogue benefits of plenty of natural light thanks to the eleven large windows opening to the outside. The interior, heavily altered by the eighteenth-century interventions, is decorated in the Baroque style with some Rococo elements. The main focal points, the bimah and the ark, are placed at the opposite ends of the sanctuary: this was indeed the first Venetian synagogue to be built with the "bifocal effect", as the pulpit of the Scuola Grande Tedesca, later relocated, was originally placed in the middle of the room in accordance with the traditional "central bimah" configuration. The ark The intricately decorated ark is entirely gilded, as prescribed in the Book of Exodus with regard to the Ark of the Covenant; such abundance of gilt also reflects what was the decorative style in fashion in late seventeenth-century Venice.
In 1781, Peter Dollond made bifocal spectacles. At The Great Exhibition 1851 in London, the Dollonds were awarded a medal for the excellence of their optical instruments. In 1889, James Aitchison established his first business in Fleet Street. In 1927 Dollond & Co merged with Aitchison & Co, to form Dollond & Aitchison (abbreviated D&A;). In 1969, the company moved to its Aston, Birmingham. During the 1960s, Dollond & Aitchison was a subsidiary of the former British television company Television Wales and West. From 1970 until 1982, D&A; were successful in a series of acquisitions in the United Kingdom, Spain and Italy. In 1994, however, management buy-outs of the UK, Spanish and Italian companies took place. In the 1990s, D&A; launched a number of services for customers such as, in 1996, the introduction of computer analysis for eyesight. The company ran a series of adverts in the 1990s featuring screen actor Burt ReynoldsBurt Reynolds Ad for Dollond and Aitchison to promote the service.
The VaMP driverless car was one of the first truly autonomous cars Dynamic Vision for Perception and Control of Motion, a 2007 book by Ernst D. Dickmanns along with its twin vehicle, the VITA-2. They were able to drive in heavy traffic for long distances without human intervention, using computer vision to recognize rapidly moving obstacles such as other cars, and automatically avoid and pass them. The experimental driverless car VaMP (Versuchsfahrzeug für autonome Mobilität und Rechnersehen) which was developed in the context of the European research project PROMETHEUS: (top left) components for autonomous driving; (right) VaMP and view into passenger cabin (lower right); (lower left) bifocal camera arrangement (front) on yaw platform The VaMP was constructed by the team of Ernst Dickmanns at the Bundeswehr University of Munich and Mercedes-Benz in the 1990s as part of the 800 million ECU EUREKA Prometheus Project on autonomous vehicles (1987–1995). It was a 500 SEL Mercedes re-engineered such that it was possible to control steering wheel, throttle, and brakes through computer commands based on real-time evaluation of image sequences.
While the name bikini was applied to the skimpy fashion that first revealed the wearer's navel, the fashion industry considers any two-piece swimsuit a bikini. Modern bikini fashions today are characterized by a simple, brief design: two triangles of fabric that form a bra and cover the woman's breasts and two triangles of fabric on the bottom forming a panty cut below the navel that cover the groin in front and the buttocks in back. The amount of coverage can vary widely, from a string bikini with very little coverage to a full design with maximum coverage. A topless swimsuit may still be considered a bikini, although naturally it is no longer a two-piece swimsuit. These derivations of the word bikini were created through inappropriate analogy with words like bilingual, bifocal and bilateral, which contain the Latin prefix "bi-" (meaning "two" in Latin), the word bikini was first back-derived as consisting of two parts, [bi + kini] by Rudi Gernreich when he designed the monokini in 1964.
Scuba diver with bifocal lenses in half mask Ocean Reef Full Face Mask (IDM) US Navy 110618-N-VF350-065 Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Jose Lopez, assigned to Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit (MDSU) 1, descends underwater during Inside view of a Kirby Morgan 37 showing the oral- nasal mask, the microphone and a loudspeaker of the communications system The mask must form a watertight seal around the edges to keep water out of the mask, regardless of the attitude of the diver in the water. Fit of mask affects the seal and comfort and must account for variability of face shapes and sizes. This is achieved for half masks by the very wide range of models available, but in spite of this some faces are too narrow, or noses too large to fit comfortably. This is less of a problem with full-face masks and less again with helmets, but other problems affect these, like overall head size, and neck length and circumference, so there is still a need for adjustment and a few size options.
Moreover, the synagogue's "bifocal effect" (created by the bimah and the ark facing each other at the opposite ends of the sanctuary), an arrangement rarely seen in old European synagogues, is a common feature of Provençal synagogue buildings, such as those of Carpentras and Cavaillon. The synagogue building originally hosted both religious and social functions: the ground floor was occupied by the coffin warehouse of the Fraterna della Misericordia degli Hebrei Tedeschi, a Jewish institution which provided burial services for members of the community (replaced in the nineteenth century by the Fraterna dei Poveri), while the second floor housed the local Talmud Torah school (Fraterna sive Scuola Talmud Torah di Ghetto Nuovo). The Canton synagogue was remodeled multiple times throughout the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries, with the most important interventions taking place in the late 1630s and 1650s, 1730s, and 1770s. Along with the other synagogues of Venice, it ceased to be regularly used in October 1917, when the local Jewish community was forced to disband; at the same time, administration of all the Jewish places of worship was taken over by a single institution, the Templi Israelitici Uniti.
The LES was first worn by U.S. Air Force pilots in the mid-1990s, replacing a similar suit worn by SR-71 and U-2 pilots, and was identical to the suits worn by X-15 pilots and Gemini astronauts. Unlike the ACES suit, which is a full-pressure suit, the high- altitude suits were partial pressure suits, thus requiring a rubber diaphragm around the wearer's face. With the development of the Space Shuttle, and the inclusion of ejection seats on the Space Shuttle Columbia on the first four flights (STS-1 to STS-4), NASA decided to adopt modified versions of the suit, the modifications being the attachments to the parachute harness, and the adoption of inflatable bladders in the legs to prevent the crew from passing out during reentry. One other modification, a mount for prescription glasses, was incorporated for astronaut John W. Young, who wore modified bifocal reading glasses (resembling aviator sunglasses, but with the top portion, usually for distance seeing, being of regular glass, and the bottom, for reading, of the wearer's prescription) during the flight. The four test flights, between April 1981 and July 1982, went without incident, and the pressure suits performed without any problems.

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