Here, where beneficence clashes with autonomy, beneficence must stand down.
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They won't be doing this out of their own beneficence.
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There was an exception in the impartial beneficence dilemmas, right?
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When it comes to impartial beneficence dilemmas, we see the same pattern.
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All they have to do to secure his beneficence is fork over their votes.
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Finally, the Lilac Fairy (5:17-6:31) is beneficence itself, expansive but calm.
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Physicians generally follow the principles of beneficence, of helping patients and not harming them.
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Most of us prefer the dignity of a living wage over the government's beneficence.
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But as the game goes on, the beneficence of your mission becomes increasingly uncertain.
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" Savulescu is the father of an idea in reproductive ethics known as "procreative beneficence.
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Such beneficence is helping to address some of the flaws in the non-profit sector.
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Without the ability to provide an abortion, I cannot exercise beneficence nor can I avoid maleficence.
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Rather than Marxist revolution or Victorian beneficence, "A Christmas Carol" prescribes free trade and buzzing commerce.
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The patient and the basic ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and patient autonomy are paramount.
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The private sector has a crucial role to play — driven not just by beneficence but by dividends.
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Medicine is a balancing act between patient autonomy and beneficence; sometimes the scales tip away from autonomy.
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People with untreated schizophrenia present society with a serious quandary; it's another arena where beneficence and autonomy clash.
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But the girl, Sasha (actress Sivan Alyra Rose), is a little weirded out by the parents' unsolicited beneficence.
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Riverside Park this far north is slowly feeling the beneficence of city dollars, as playgrounds and paths are rehabilitated.
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The veneer of beneficence is somehow easier to see through in audiobook form, as evidenced by the works reviewed here.
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Whether or not to accept Bloomberg's beneficence is something the Sanders campaign has evidently been struggling with for some days.
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After all, robots in various forms offer the potential for both the most glorious beneficence and the most insidious evil.
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There is a tendency when discussing Trump to exaggerate the beneficence and decency of past presidents to make the contrast starker.
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I am a naturalized American with an outsized belief in my country's capacity for good — the blemished beneficence of American power.
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The four cardinal medical ethical principles that should be practiced by all health care providers are these: autonomy, justice, beneficence and nonmaleficence.
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And then the spotlight moved elsewhere, leaving Lopez, her teachers and her students to soldier on without the nation's beneficence and attention.
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"By the People: Designing a Better America," opening on Friday at the Smithsonian's Cooper Hewitt, taps into a rich vein of entrepreneurial beneficence.
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Second, those list prices form the starting point for negotiations, allowing hospitals and insurers to take credit for beneficence, when there is none.
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Only in advertisements, in gold paintings of saints, and on Minimalism's flat canvases does illumination touch all surfaces equitably, with a contrived but glorious beneficence.
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Jonas's warm feelings of beneficence and his self-indulgent dreams of being a "white saviour"—the unpalatable nature of which he fully comprehends—are soon jeopardised.
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The foundations' beneficence also helps shield them from criticism: the KAW, for instance, makes $250m of grants a year, notably to fund basic research and education.
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If all were free to believe, they might find love, the love of God that binds humanity together and seeks the mutual beneficence of one another.
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Enough, I hope, to earn my energy-efficient cabin an extra solar panel, bestowed by the beneficence of First Citizen AOC, in the utopia to come.
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Almost five years ago, at a more obscure institution of higher learning, Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan, China's president, Xi Jinping, outlined his own vision of economic beneficence.
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Was there a moment when this was somehow noted — when some beneficence was granted to Simao's youngest, little Grace, who always took his lunch to the docks?
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But you also examine "impartial beneficence" dilemmas, which involve doing good, and specifically the idea that we shouldn't prioritize our family and friends when we do good.
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Procreative beneficence, in its broadest sense, holds that there are some human traits we'd all like our children to enjoy, and therefore are obligated to select for.
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To the extent that such disruption is part of their business model, this beneficence is also a way to neutralise complaints about the havoc their innovations may wreak.
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The latter part of this Korean-themed commemoration has negative implications for U.S. policy, all the more today, in the year of the North Korean leader's transformative beneficence.
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Denying care based on addiction, a medical illness that manifests in behavior that is often self-destructive, violates the most basic tenets of physician ethics (beneficence, autonomy, justice).
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Oracle continues to enjoy Ellison's beneficence, although even a billionaire like him realizes that spending to great excess only dissuades others from coming to play in his sandbox.
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Instead, citizens are reduced to subjects, ruled by an authority dependent not on the consent of the governed, but on the assistance and beneficence of unaccountable foreign actors.
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The philosophers' God was not necessarily identical to the God of Christianity, but he had some reassuringly familiar attributes, such as beneficence and providential oversight of the world.
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However, the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has made it trickier to benefit from beneficence, because it's limited the usefulness of personal deductions — including those for charitable donations.
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Unfortunately, however, today's social services are run more on the model of charity—invoked via a far less democratic and accountable social ideal of liberal beneficence—than radical solidarity.
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With children and the severely cognitively disabled, by contrast, beneficence prevails: We may impose a treatment on people who have a clearly expressed wish that we not do so.
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A month ago, we got the full set from his show at the Cork Opera House, which you can still watch now thanks to the beneficence of European arts television.
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One of the marvels of the modern day gift market is the way that its journals, magnets, and coffee mugs swing wildly between smiling beneficence and saucy declarations of misanthropy.
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Over the course of four books, countless speeches, and 25,000 tweets, Benioff has created a public persona that marries audacious business acumen with ambiguously spiritual beneficence, all inextricable from Salesforce.
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Speaking in low, woodsy tones that belie a rapturous passion for the ocean and its mysteries, the 75-year-old Métis potlach chief for the Kwak'waka'wakw people conducts himself with a disarming beneficence.
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On record, Ray Wright, the former college wide receiver, is the group's most dominant presence, a sweet-voiced combination of Doggs Nate and Snoop, but in person he has a removed, kingly beneficence.
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When Mr. Brooks says the casino could be like the Gimbels department store in the Christmas movie "Miracle on 19933th Street," profiting from an act of beneficence, Mr. Marshall is the personification of flabbergasted.
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Taking all of this into consideration, I found the fundamental principles of moral decision-making - things like autonomy, proportionality, and beneficence - to be confusing and unhelpful as I tried to answer my wife's question.
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By lumping in donors to these causes protected under the donor privacy bill with what they claim to be a bad influence in politics, opponents disparage true and worthy beneficence done for purposes of conscience.
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Further, medicine has taught me that it is rare to provide beneficence without simultaneously causing some harm, whether it is a surgical incision, a side effect of medicine or a new treatment discovered through animal research.
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He has not given any of his own supposed fortune to the foundation since 2008, relying instead on the beneficence of others, whether pro-wrestling mavens or simply Americans who thought they were supporting, say, veterans.
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Out of justified caution, we now err on the side of putative autonomy, and the heartbreaking story of your damaged brother is a result; when we erred on the side of putative beneficence, other heartbreaking stories resulted.
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Roger Cohen For any believer in the trans-Atlantic alliance, liberal interventionism and the overall beneficence of American power, President Obama's long exposition of his foreign policy to Jeffrey Goldberg in The Atlantic made for pretty depressing reading.
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Changes are necessary because participation in interrogations and force-feeding "violate(s) the basic principals of medical ethics including `do no harm' and beneficence," said Dr. Stephen Xenakis, a retired Army Brigadier General who wasn't involved in the essay.
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In a parallel timeline, the enigmatic project—now as ever shepherded by multi-instrumentalist MSW—is poised to release its next great beneficence, an eponymous long-player that marks the Salem, OR entity's first new full-length since 2012.
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Washington was envisioned as a respite for public servants, so both federal employees and members of Congress should be saying thanks to their lucky stars for the continued beneficence of taxpayers instead of blaming each other for the shutdown.
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It wasn't the quiet beneficence of Nancy Reagan that awoke the nation to the reality of HIV/AIDS, they pointed out, but rather the very vocal and radical activism of groups like ACT-UP and the Gay Men's Health Crisis.
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Another section of the document — on safety and beneficence of artificial general intelligence — also warns that as AI systems become more capable "unanticipated or unintended behavior becomes increasingly dangerous," while retrofitting safety into any more generally capable, future AI systems may be difficult.
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A $27 million fund aimed at applying artificial intelligence to the public interest has announced the first targets for its beneficence: $7.6 million will be split unequally between MIT's Media Lab, Harvard's Berkman Klein Center and seven smaller research efforts around the world.
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In different ways, both talked through a new way of thinking about local news, and a novel business model for funding it, one that doesn't depend on the beneficence of Facebook or Google (which also has a new plan for local coverage).
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Studying impartial beneficence is really psychologically juicy, because it gets at the heart of a lot of the conflicts we face in our social relationships as the world becomes global and we think about how our actions are affecting people we're never going to meet.
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Living between these contradictions — social beneficence versus performative capitalism, a belief in objective truth versus a mistrust of any legitimate sources of information, acknowledgment of Tesla's performance as a company versus an almost religious belief in its potential — is the mark of a Musk fan in 2018.
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Cuban culture is a highly valued export that not only represents income for the government: art is also valued as social capital that can be exploited internationally, in that it serves as evidence of the beneficence of the state, the success of the educational system and even suggests by virtue of its very existence that freedom of expression prevails.
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When the state was heavily rural and firmly controlled by a debt-phobic, conservative Democratic oligarchy, it was an article of faith to decry as irresponsible the deficit-financing that has become routine in Washington, DC. But in suburban-dominated Virginia, federal beneficence fuelled the growth of the counties immediately flanking Washington: Arlington, Fairfax, Prince William and Loudoun.
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Meow Wolf supports itself and its multitudinous members through entry fees, as well as a rotating schedule of concerts and events that take place right in the middle of its chaotic and intriguing environs — and, it must be noted, the beneficence of a few big-ticket donors, including "Game of Thrones" fantasy powerhouse George R.R. Martin.
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People with cancer explore all the activities that people without cancer use to make themselves receptive to a sense of beneficence or loving kindness: religious liturgies, private prayer, meditation, breathing and body exercises, verse or mantra recitations, making or looking at pictures, listening to or making music, walking in nature, communing with friends, and (yes) alcohol or marijuana.
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The poor sign up for the military because they don't have many other options at improving their station, while the rich are interested in military members primarily as symbols of the beneficence they believe God has heaped upon them: Doing something nice for a military man makes them feel a little more pure, even if they'll forget about him the second he leaves their presence.
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Surrounded by vets in a room draped in American flags, and feted by rivals like Rick Santorum and Mike Huckabee (who hurried over after appearing in the undercard debate), Trump served as the master of ceremony of an evening celebrating the beneficence of himself and his rich friends, all of whom are allegedly donating money for veterans (although it appears the money will be funneled through Trump's personal foundation).
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In the United States, four principles generally guide the decisions of bioethics: • Respect for autonomy, the right of patients to make their own decisions and determine the health care they wish to receive without coercion • Nonmaleficence, the rule that physicians should "do no harm" • Beneficence, the obligation of health care providers to affirmatively help patients • Justice, the goal of treating all patients fairly and ensuring equitable access to medical services.
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Unlike so much now, what transpired in the San Jacinto Room mostly fell within the realm of what you'd expect from a Republican event: Top 40 country, popcorn and Bud Light, people catching up in the aisle, cheers for conservative judges, Ted Cruz talking about guns and Israel and, overwhelmingly, about the beneficence of low taxes and less regulation, how they're blessing Texas with good fortune, and how Beto O'Rourke is against both.
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And yet we've also been the "good" immigrants, proving ourselves worthy of American beneficence — polite, humble, grateful, willing to work 20-hour days running a grocery store or a laundry or a restaurant that will never be "authentic" enough, to spend every dime on our children's test prep so that they get into the best schools, because we believe in the promise of America, that if you work hard, you can become anyone.
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Rahim Muhammad, known by the stage name Beneficence, is an American rapper from Newark, NJ.
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The three guidelines are beneficence (ethics), justice and respect for persons. Beneficence (ethics) is described as protecting the well- being of the persons and respecting their decisions by being ethical and protecting the subjects from harm. The two rules of beneficence are maximizing the benefits of research and minimizing any possible risks. It is the job of the researcher to inform the persons of the benefits as well as the risks of human subject research.
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Individuals' capacity for informed decision-making may come into question during resolution of conflicts between autonomy and beneficence. The role of surrogate medical decision-makers is an extension of the principle of autonomy. On the other hand, autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence may also overlap. For example, a breach of patients' autonomy may cause decreased confidence for medical services in the population and subsequently less willingness to seek help, which in turn may cause inability to perform beneficence.
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But Mendelssohn regarded beneficence less as a "coerce responsibility" than as a voluntary act of wealthy members.
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This report identifies respect for persons, beneficence, and justice as ethical principles which must underlie human subject research.
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Because prayers are requests, it implies that the petitioner believes that the petitionee is capable of granting beneficence.
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The Decoration "For Beneficence" () is a decoration of Russia, established on 3 May 2012 by decree of President Dmitry Medvedev.
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From his friend Gregory, the Society received charge of the English College and Gregory's beneficence to the Roman College was much appreciated.
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On July 31, 2014, in the Kremlin, Russian President Vladimir Putin awarded Archpriest Alexander Tkachenko the governmental mark of distinction "For Beneficence".
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The price tag for Beneficence, completed in 1930, was approximately $50,000. The progress toward installation crawled during the Great Depression, as funds for the project became scarce. More than 11,000 individuals donated money to assist in the completion of the memorial, and Beneficence was dedicated on September 26, 1937. Although the project was the last for French, neither he nor Dana lived to see its dedication.
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The term beneficence refers to actions that promote the well being of others. In the medical context, this means taking actions that serve the best interests of patients and their families. However, uncertainty surrounds the precise definition of which practices do in fact help patients. James Childress and Tom Beauchamp in Principle of Biomedical Ethics (1978) identify beneficence as one of the core values of healthcare ethics.
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Beneficence is a 1937 bronze statue on the campus of Ball State University, located in Muncie, Indiana. The statue is referred to as Benny by students.
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In the sermon, Burton also articulated a policy of "equity and beneficence" toward indigenous Americans.Baine, Rodney M. Creating Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995. Page xvi.
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The APA outlines General Principles that clinicians should use in order to aspire towards the very highest ethical ideals. Among these General Principles are Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence and Principle C: Integrity. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence describes that clinicians strive to benefit those with whom they work, and make efforts to do no harm. Fidelity and Responsibility includes establishing relationships of trust and being aware of one's professional responsibilities.
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Daniel Chester French's Beneficence. In 1935, the school added the Fine Arts Building for art, music, and dance instruction. Enrollment that year reached 1,151: 723 women and 428 men.
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Researchers should apply the concept of beneficence to individuals within the patient/physician relationship or the research- participant/researcher relationship. However, there is debate about the extent to which the interests of other parties, such as future patients and endangered persons, ought to be considered. When a researcher risks harm to a willing volunteer to do research with the intent to develop knowledge which will better humanity, this may be a practice of beneficence.
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In his testament he made an endowment/beneficence to the city of Basel. This came into legal effect as his widow Margaretha (1806-1886) died on the 3rd of May 1886.
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Beneficence is a concept in research ethics which states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. The antonym of this term, maleficence, describes a practice which opposes the welfare of any research participant. The concept that medical professionals and researchers would always practice beneficence seems natural to most patients and research participants, but in fact, every health intervention or research intervention has potential to harm the recipient. There are many different precedents in medicine and research for conducting a cost–benefit analysis and judging whether a certain action would be a sufficient practice of beneficence, and the extent to which treatments are acceptable or unacceptable is under debate.
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Following the 2010 single "Heavyhitters" / "Royal Dynasty", Beneficence released two albums, Sidewalk Science (2011) and Concrete Soul (2012), on his own label, Ill Adrenaline Records, with guest appearances by Diamond D, Roc Marciano, Lord Tariq, Masta Ace, and others. In 2016, Beneficence returned with Basement Chemistry. The album received critical acclaim, including a rating of 4 out of 5 stars from Pop Magazine, calling it "a body of work that builds on the foundation of what hip hop truly represents".
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Meredith Hall Meredith Hall (born March 25, 1949) is a writer and professor emeritus at the University of New Hampshire. She is the author of the memoir Without a Map and the novel Beneficence.
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The principles of autonomy and beneficence/non-maleficence may also be expanded to include effects on the relatives of patients or even the medical practitioners, the overall population and economic issues when making medical decisions.
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Its Belmont Report established three tenets of ethical research: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. From the 1950s-60s, Chester M. Southam, an important virologist and cancer researcher, injected HeLa cells into cancer patients, healthy individuals, and prison inmates from the Ohio Penitentiary. He wanted to observe if cancer could be transmitted as well as if people could become immune to cancer by developing an acquired immune response. Many believe that this experiment violated the bioethical principles of informed consent, non-maleficence, and beneficence.
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Autonomy can come into conflict with beneficence when patients disagree with recommendations that healthcare professionals believe are in the patient's best interest. When the patient's interests conflict with the patient's welfare, different societies settle the conflict in a wide range of manners. In general, Western medicine defers to the wishes of a mentally competent patient to make their own decisions, even in cases where the medical team believes that they are not acting in their own best interests. However, many other societies prioritize beneficence over autonomy.
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The principle of beneficence holds that (a) the subjects of research should be protected from harm, and, (b) the research should bring tangible benefits to society. By this definition, research with no scientific merit is automatically considered unethical.
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Xinhua Gate. The island on the foreground lake is Yingtai Island. To the northeast of Yingtai is Qinzheng Hall while to the northwest is Beneficence Garden. Huairen Hall is in the center-west and Ziguang Hall is in the north.
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Working since 1840 for the municipal beneficence office, he was hired as teacher at San Felipe Neri in 1848 (soon starting to publish grammar books), and as lecturer on Geodesy and Astronomy at the Naval Observatory in San Fernando (1857).
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Undergraduate commencement ceremonies for the University are hosted annually in May on the Fine Arts Terrace, a grassy area in the center of the Quad, between the David Owsley Museum of Art and the statue of Beneficence by Daniel Chester French.
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The principle of justice requires that we do what we can to ensure that costs and benefits are fairly distributed. It is possible to obey the principle of non-maleficence and the principle of beneficence, yet still not behave in an ethical manner, for these two principles say nothing about how benefits should be apportioned. In a given case it may well be that we can only procure a major benefit for some people by slightly harming the interests of others. The principle of beneficence may say we should go ahead, but then the benefits and costs would be unfairly distributed.
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In 1918 President Xu Shichang switched the President's residence and the Prime Minister's office, relocating his residence to Regent Palace, while the Prime Minister instead moved to Dianxu Hall in the Garden of Abundant Beneficence. Dianxu Hall became a general purpose meeting area for Communist Party officials after 1949. During Mao Zedong's time as Paramount Leader, Politburo Meetings were often held in Dianxu Hall due its proximity to Mao's house. The Garden of Abundant Beneficence also contains Chairman Mao Zedong's first personal residence and office, which he used from 1949 to 1966, a building called the Library of Chrysanthemum Fragrance ().
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See In September 1937 a bronze sculpture named Beneficence was installed on the Ball State University campus in Muncie to honor the Ball brothers' contribution to the community. The five columns of Indiana limestone that surround the sculpture represent the five Ball brothers.
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In 1755 he completed in Carrara Marble, the sculptural group of Papirus and his mother, then a Niobe. He completed the four statues, Justice, Strength. Beneficence and Charity. He appointed in 1760 a member of the Accademia di San Luca in Rome.
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In the Vijayanagara Empire of the 14th-16th centuries, the Great Gift ceremonies were used to proclaim the rulers' beneficence and independence. For example, the Nallur inscription of king Harihara II of Vijayanagara Empire mentions that he performed the sixteen great gifts.
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Ed. P.A.Nikolayev. Moscow, "Prosveshcheniye" Publishers. The Soviet-era writer Lev Loseff noted that the use of Aesopian language remained a favorite technique of writers (including himself) under Soviet censorship.Lev Loseff, On the Beneficence of Censorship: Aesopian Language in Modern Russian Literature, Munich: Otto Sagner, 1984.
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Some scholars, such as Edmund Pellegrino, argue that beneficence is the only fundamental principle of medical ethics. They argue that healing should be the sole purpose of medicine, and that endeavors like cosmetic surgery and euthanasia are severely unethical and against the Hippocratic Oath.
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In 2012 Glinka received the Order of Friendship award, and in 2015 the Decoration "For Beneficence". In December 2016 Russian President Vladimir Putin presented her with another national award, the State Prize of the Russian Federation, for outstanding achievements in charity and human rights activities.
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In 2002, he asserted that it was time for psychiatry in the Western countries to reconsider accounts of political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR and in China. Stone believed that Andrei Snezhnevsky was wrongly condemned by critics. According to Stone, one of the first points made by Soviet psychiatrists condemned for unethical political abuse of psychiatry, was that the revolution is the greatest good for the greatest number, the greatest piece of social justice, and the greatest beneficence imaginable in the twentieth century. In the Western view, the ethical compass of Soviet psychiatrists began to wander when they acted in the service of this greatest beneficence.
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The spread of Christianity also changed the patterns of public beneficence: where a pagan Roman would often have seen himself as a homo civicus, who gave benefits to the public in exchange for status and honor, a Christian would more often be a new type of citizen, a homo interior, who sought to attain a divine reward in heaven and directed his beneficence to alms and charity rather than public works and games.Bomgardner, 207. These changes meant that there were ever fewer uses for amphitheatres, and ever fewer funds to build and maintain them. The last construction of an amphitheatre is recorded in 523 in Pavia under Theoderic.
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47–48Davis, p. 114 The Persian inscriptions calls the sultan "the fountainhead of generosity, justice and the sea of beneficence."Necipoğlu, p. 101 Gifts presented by ambassadors were placed in front of the large window in the middle of the main facade between the two doors.
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McKinley, Fractional Freedoms, p. 162. Although slave owners often characterized these baptismal manumissions as a result of their generous beneficence, there are records of payments by parents or godparents to ensure the child's freedom.McKinley, Fractional Freedoms, p. 165. Mothers were almost never manumitted alongside their children.
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P.103 These stories are said to represent only a small portion of his personal giving, as he preferred to remain anonymous.Fleming, pp. 29-30. Morais remarks, "It would be an impossibility to enumerate all the acts of munificent beneficence performed by Judah Touro."Morais, p. 338.
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Rather, people, on their own initiative, with the knowledge that God granted them, do anything that people are able to do. Therefore, people are judged according to their deeds. If they do good, they are treated with beneficence. If they do bad, they are treated harshly.
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Nursing ethics is a branch of applied ethics that concerns itself with activities in the field of nursing. Nursing ethics shares many principles with medical ethics, such as beneficence, non-maleficence and respect for autonomy. It can be distinguished by its emphasis on relationships, human dignity and collaborative care.
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Under the Sultan Timurbugha, finally, Qaitbay was appointed atabak, or field marshal of the entire Mamluk army.Petry, Twilight, 24-29. During this period, Qaitbay amassed a considerable personal fortune which would enable him to exercise substantial acts of beneficence as sultan without draining the royal treasury.Petry, Twilight, 33.
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He developed a friendship with Franklin Fairbanks, who had been a partner in the firm since 1856, and served as its president from 1881 to 1895. Through the beneficence of the Fairbanks family, Packard designed most of the town's major buildings.Hodgdon, Allan D. "Packard, Lambert". The Vermont Encyclopedia.
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On 14 December 1784, Mozart became a Freemason, admitted to the lodge Zur Wohltätigkeit ("Beneficence"). Freemasonry played an essential role in the remainder of Mozart's life: he attended meetings, a number of his friends were Masons, and on various occasions, he composed Masonic music, e.g. the Maurerische Trauermusik.
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In the perfect society individuals would not only derive pleasure from the exercise of altruism ('positive beneficence') but would aim to avoid inflicting pain on others ('negative beneficence'). They would also instinctively respect the rights of others, leading to the universal observance of the principle of justice – each person had the right to a maximum amount of liberty that was compatible with a like liberty in others. 'Liberty' was interpreted to mean the absence of coercion, and was closely connected to the right to private property. Spencer termed this code of conduct 'Absolute Ethics' which provided a scientifically-grounded moral system that could substitute for the supernaturally-based ethical systems of the past.
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Most writers maintain that Bholoo Shah’s birthplace to be Punjab. This was before the partition of the Indian subcontinent when the Mughal era was on the rise. He migrated to Delhi from Punjab leaving his family behind. In Delhi, he got beneficence from Shah Abdul Hameed and became his spiritual successor.
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As a child, she was encouraged to take an active part in the charities for which her father had become known as "Prince of the Poor".Lenotre, p. 72. His reputation for beneficence made him popular throughout France and, subsequently, saved him during the Revolution.Lenotre, chapter 8, L'ouragan, p. 102.
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Although other legal scholars, such as Leslie Bender, have argued the feminist ethic of care requires a duty to rescue, McClain has disagreed, distinguishing the ethic of care from beneficence. (Citing Linda C. McClain, "Atomistic Man" Revisited: Liberalism, Connection, and Feminist Jurisprudence, 65 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1171, 1238-42 (1992)).
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176 Machiavelli suggests a different set of virtues than Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, apparently with less focus on beneficence and concord, and with more focus on courage. According to Machiavelli, virtù includes pride, bravery, skill, forcefulness, and an amount of ruthlessness coupled with the willingness to do evil when necessary.
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The women of Salerno not only practiced medicine, but also taught medicine at the Salerno School of Medicine and wrote texts. This group of women worked against the common view and roles of women at the time, and are considered a pride of medieval Salerno and a symbol of beneficence.
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Anesthesiologists use safe blood transfusions in certain situations as a therapy for patients with low oxygen carrying capacity or to correct coagulation problems. Certain religions (e.g., Jehovah's witness) prohibit the use of blood transfusions based on their religious beliefs. Medical ethics stand on the four pillars of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice.
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Kaya proved to be important to her husband's political career. She often assisted him with strategical and financial aid. Evliya Çelebi regarded Kaya Sultan as a prime example of the dynasty's beneficence. He also noted that within all the princesses and their husbands, none got on as well as Kaya and Melek.
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In 1950 she was honoured with the Gold Cross of the Order of Beneficence and the Order of the Order of the Phoenix, while the Academy of Athens elected her a corresponding member. When she left the University of Leiden, her colleagues and students dedicated an honorary volume to her entitled Antidoron.
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252, quoted in Miles, Sara Joan. 2001. "Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 53:196–201. > But I own that I cannot see, as plainly as others do, & as I shd wish to do, > evidence of design & beneficence on all sides of us.
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She was a Dame of the Order of Noble Dames of Queen Maria Luisa of Spain and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence of Spain. After the death of her husband and for that impeadment and in his honour, she was granted the title of 1st Duchess of Dato.
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Daesoon Jinrihoe articulates its doctrine in four tenets, which are "virtuous concordance of yin and yang", "harmonious union between divine beings and human beings", "resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence" and "perfected Unification with Dao". These four tenets are believed to contain within themselves all the teachings of Sangje. Some scholars believe that the third tenet, "resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence" (Haewon sangsaeng, 解冤相生) is the most distinctive teaching of Daesoon Jinrihoe. It teaches that, while Kang Jeungsan opened the road to solving the problem of grievances, humans should do their part by "cultivating" themselves, propagating the truth, and avoiding the creation of new grievances. The itinerary of "cultivation" is depicted in Daesoon Jinrihoe’s temples through the Simudo, i.e.
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The evolutionary theory of personality development is primarily based on the evolutionary process of natural selection.From the evolutionary perspective, evolution resulted in variations of the human mind. Natural selection refined these variations based on their beneficence to humans. Due to human complexity, many opposing personality traits proved to be beneficial in a variety of ways.
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Imarets served many different types of people and came to be seen as “charitable and beneficent work”.Singer, Amy. pg 313 They were philanthropic institutions because they were established as part of voluntary beneficence, which was considered charity in Muslim law. In addition, distribution of food was seen as charitable work in and of itself.
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By the time of the imperial Cholas (c. 10th century), the Great Gift ceremony had become the principal sign of a king's beneficence, overlordship, and independence. The inscriptions of the Gahadavala dynasty (11th-12th century) mention three of the great gifts: tulapurusha, gosahasra, and pancha- langala (or pancha-langalaka). The Chandela king Dhanga (r. c.
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After sometime, he went back to his homeland. Hence, the people around him gave him a lot of respect and he gained fame. He earned the title of Shaikh-ul-Islam due to the unmatched religious knowledge and beneficence of the time. Countless seekers of Allah benefitted from him as he was an Arif Kamil.
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Huzoorimal was a Sikh friend of Umichand. He had earned fabulously and was famous for acts of public beneficence – a tank at Baitakkhana, a bathing ghat south of where Howrah Bridge now stands (later known as Armenian ghat), the steeple of Armenian church, and a ghat near the Kali temple at Kalighat.Cotton, H.E.A., p298.
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Joseph Fesch was also one of the most famous art collectors of his lifetime. He wed his nephew Napoleon to Joséphine de Beauharnais in Paris in 1804, the day before Napoleon crowned himself as Emperor of the French. Cardinal Fesch lived out his days at the Palazzo Falconieri in Rome, dedicating himself to art and to beneficence.
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Beneficence Memorial, BSU Pittenger assumed the presidency of Ball Teachers College after the death of President Benjamin J. Burris in 1927. During Pittenger's presidency, the Indiana General Assembly separated the Ball Teachers College from the Indiana State Normal School and changed the name to Ball State Teachers College. Pittenger resigned in December 1942 due to illness.
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In the folklore of Afghanistan, Kampirak and his retinue pass village by village distributing gathered charities among people. He is an old bearded man wearing colorful clothes with a long hat and rosary who symbolizes beneficence and the power of nature yielding the forces of winter. The tradition is observed in central provinces, specially Bamyan and Daykundi.
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Faizan ( ) also spelt Faizan, Faydhan, Faizon, Faidhan, Faizaan , Fayzan or Faiz is a male given name and a surname meaning successful, beneficencemeaning Beneficence and ruler. In Arabic, it means Benefit and Generosity.Arabic Birth name dictionaryMeaning on HamariWeb Known Informative, News Website of Pakistan It is currently among the most popular names for baby boys in Pakistan and Indonesia.
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Diana or Diane is a feminine given name probably derived from an Indo-European root word referring to the divine. It is the name of the Roman goddess Diana, the goddess of the hunt, forests, and childbirth.Behind the Name The French form of the name is Diane. In Persian Diana means "supplier (messenger) of beneficence and wellness".
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This turned out to be true. "The gourd served as a bedroom for the night and held medicine, which Li dispensed with great beneficence to the poor and needy." Laozi also used the bottle to make him an iron crutch that would never rust nor break. He then told Li that he was ready to join the immortals.
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He was also secretary of the Chemical Society of London. In 1844, he published a chemistry textbook. In 1842, he had been awarded the Royal Agricultural Society's prize for his essay Food of Plants. In 1844, he received the first Actonian Prize (of 100 guineas) for his essay Chemistry as Exemplifies the Wisdom and Beneficence of God.
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Self-image: The Guardians' self-esteem is based on their dependability; their self-respect on their beneficence; and their self-confidence on their respectability. Values: Guardians are concerned about the well-being of people and institutions that they hold dear. They trust authority and seek security. They strive for a sense of belonging and want to be appreciated for their contributions.
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The statue, affectionately known as Benny, symbolizes the selflessness of the five brothers in their service to the community. It is so entwined in the University's culture that its image is part of the school seal. Beneficence 's hand stretches to welcome new students to campus. The treasure box she holds in her other arm represents the treasure education can offer.
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Marijenkampen is a small village in Steenwijkerland, a municipality in the province Overijssel in the Netherlands. At the beginning of the 20th century the area was called Huttenberg and was overgrown with heath. The first inhabitants were people who had been banned from the neighbouring colony Willemsoord, founded by the Society of Beneficence. These inhabitants settled in and led an independent life.
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In the development of a principlistic moral framework it is not a necessary condition that the epistemic origins and justifications of these principles be established. Rather the sufficient condition is that most individuals and societies, would agree that both prescriptively and descriptively there is wide agreement with the existence and acceptance of the general values of autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice.
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One daughter, Fannie, died in 1895; Hobart's son, Garret Jr. survived him. Socrates Tuttle was influential in Paterson, which worked to Hobart's advantage. According to Michael J. Connolly in his 2010 article about Hobart, the future vice president "benefited greatly from Tuttle's beneficence". In 1866, the year he became a lawyer, Hobart was appointed grand jury clerk for Passaic County.
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Odorico Raynaldi or Rinaldi (1595 - 22 January 1671) was an Italian historian and Oratorian. He is also known as Odericus Raynaldus, or just Raynald. Raynaldi was born at Treviso of a patrician family. He studied at Parma and Padua, joined the Oratorians in Rome, and, distinguished for his piety, beneficence and scholarship, was twice elected superior-general of his congregation.
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" # "There is one law, the law of reciprocity, which can be observed by a selfless conscience, together with a sense of awakened justice." # "There is one family, the human family, which unites the children of earth indiscriminately in the parenthood of God." # "There is one moral, the love which springs forth from self-denial and blooms in deeds of beneficence.
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An imperfect duty allows flexibility—beneficence is an imperfect duty because we are not obliged to be completely beneficent at all times, but may choose the times and places in which we are.Driver 2007, p. 92. Kant believed that perfect duties are more important than imperfect duties: if a conflict between duties arises, the perfect duty must be followed.Driver 2007, p. 93.
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In October, 1894, the institution was further enriched by the donation to it of a hospital, costing $10,000, donated by William J. Sibley, esq., as a memorial of his deceased wife, Dorothea Lowndes Sibley. The hospital was built upon the grounds attached to the school, forms with it one corporation, and entered upon its mission of active beneficence. The hospital adjoined the school.
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Roper died in 1544 and was buried in Chelsea Parish Church, "possibly with her father's head". Her husband, who survived her by thirty-three years, never remarried and honored her memory by living a life devoted to learning, beneficence, and piety. Following her husband's death, Roper was reinterred in the vault belonging to the family of Roper, in St. Dunstan's, Canterbury.
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" The Journal of the American College of Dentists, 81(3), 4. After four years of monthly deliberations, the Commission met in February 1976 for four days at the Smithsonian Institution's Belmont Conference Center which resulted in a statement of three basic ethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, and justice, for biomedical and behavioural research. The approach was introduced for the second time by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in their book Principles of Biomedical Ethics (1979), in which they state that the following four prima facie principles lie at the core of moral reasoning in health care: respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In the opinion of Beauchamp and Childress, these four principles are part of a "common morality;" an approach that "takes its basic premises directly from the morality shared by the members of society—that is, unphilosophical common sense and tradition.
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Senior officials and teachers are addressed as "Saya." This goes back to Buddhist teaching, where parents and teachers are second only to the Three Jewels ( yadana thoun ba), together making up the Five Boundless Beneficence ( ananda nga ba). Using the proper form is an indication to how well bred and correct the speaker is as well as to the status of the individual being addressed.
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Retrieved July 28, 2007. The Code is applicable to all psychologists in both research and applied fields. The APA Code is based on five principles: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's Rights and Dignity. Detailed elements address how to resolve ethical issues, competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality, advertising, record keeping, fees, training, research, publication, assessment, and therapy.
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Beneficence requires that the research have intentions to produce benefits, or potential for benefits, for the individual or others with similar conditions that outweigh any risk that may be involved. Justice delineates a need for fair distribution in the selection of subjects, meaning bias in participants is minimized. Participant cannot be all from a vulnerable or easily accessible population without violating the justice principle.
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Lawson Huddleston (1677-1743) Geni was an English priest in the 18th century."The Measure of Christian Beneficence" Bowyer, T. p3: London; C.Rivington; 1735 Huddleston was educated at Jesus College, Oxford.Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714, Horrobin-Hyte He held livings at St Nicholas, KelstonVillage web-site and St Cuthbert, Wells.Church web-site He was Archdeacon of Bath from 1733 until his death on 19 April 1743.
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Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law. Each countries national law is guided by international principles, such as the Belmont Report's directive that all study participants have a right to "respect for persons", "beneficence", and "justice" when participating in clinical research.
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The Belmont Conference Center, once a part of the Smithsonian Institution, is in Elkridge, Maryland, 10 miles south of Baltimore, and until the end of 2010 was operated by Howard Community College. The Belmont Report summarizes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Three core principles are identified: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Three primary areas of application are also stated.
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166–167 Zlatarski dates that campaign to 922, while Fine suggests it took place in the period between 921 and 923. Byzantine historians, however, wrote that after Zaharije "recalled the beneficence of the Byzantine Emperor, [he] immediately rebelled against the Bulgarians because he did not want to submit to them but preferred to be a subject of the Byzantine Emperor."Const. Porphyr., ibid., cap.
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The aim of the organisation, he said, would be to "ameliorate the condition of the poor and needy of this great metropolis, and to promote their comfort and happiness". The paper reported, "We have today to announce an act of beneficence unexampled in its largeness and in the time and manner of the gift"."Unprecedented Munificence" and untitled leader article, The Times, 26 March 1862, p. 9.
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These risks may involve identifiability in research data, but can extend to other potential harms. 2\. Beneficence Assessing potential research harm involves considering risks related to information and information systems as a whole. Information-centric harms stem from contravening data confidentiality, availability, and integrity requirements. This also includes infringing rights and interests related to privacy and reputation, and psychological, financial, and physical well-being.
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Hume argues that moral actions and moral judgments are based on such other-oriented sentiments as sympathy, beneficence, loyalty, and patriotism.Hume, David (1751). An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals. London: A. Millar. . Darwin argues that these “moral sentiments” evolved as the sine qua non of social (or communal) solidarity, on which depends the survival and reproductive success of the individual members of society (or community).
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Aside from considerations of costs, uterine transplantation involves complex ethical issues. The principle of autonomy supports the procedure, while the principle of non-maleficence argues against it. In regard to the principles of beneficence and justice the procedure appears equivocal. To address this dilemma the "Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation" were developed at McGill University and published in Transplant International in 2012.
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She also wrote "My God and Father while I stray", 1834, in the same collection. Elliott was the author of Hymns for a week, 1837, 40th thousand, 1871; Hours of Sorrow, 1836 and many later editions, Poems by C. E., 1863. An invalid for many years, her life was filled with deeds of beneficence. She shrank from everything ostentation, nearly all her books having been issued anonymously.
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These four concepts often arise in discussions about beneficence: #one should not practice evil or do harm, often stated in Latin as Primum non nocere #one should prevent evil or harm #one should remove evil or harm #one should practice good Ordinary moral discourse and most philosophical systems state that a prohibition on doing harm to others as in #1 is more compelling than any duty to benefit others as in #2–4. This makes the concept of "first do no harm" different from the other aspects of beneficence. One example illustrating this concept is the trolley problem. Morality and ethical theory allows for judging relative costs, so in the case when a harm to be inflicted in violating #1 is negligible and the harm prevented or benefit gained in #2–4 is substantial, then it may be acceptable to cause one harm to gain another benefit.
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He had thirteen living children, thirty-nine grandchildren, and one great- grandchild. In an editorial after his death, Wise said: > He was one of the very few men I have ever known whose presence in itself > was a beneficence. He had merely to live; that in itself brought sunshine > into the world of his associates. Even a transient meeting with him made men > feel there is good in mankind.
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Although much of nursing ethics can appear similar to medical ethics, there are some factors that differentiate it. Breier-Mackie suggests that nurses' focus on care and nurture, rather than cure of illness, results in a distinctive ethics. Furthermore, nursing ethics emphasizes the ethics of everyday practice rather than moral dilemmas. Nursing ethics is more concerned with developing the caring relationship than broader principles, such as beneficence and justice.
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An argument in favor of this principle is that traits (such as empathy, memory, etc.) are "all-purpose means" in the sense of being of instrumental value in realizing whatever life plans the child may come to have. Walter Veit has argued that there is no intrinsic moral difference between 'creating' and 'choosing' a life, thus making eugenics a natural consequence of accepting the principle of procreative beneficence.
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In 1915, she worked as an auxiliary of the medical-school inspection of Madrid; a year later she was the first woman to request an assistant student to the Beneficiencia Provincial (Provincial Beneficence) of Madrid. She was also Deputy Secretary of Protección Escolar (School Protection). He obtained a degree in Medicine from the Central University in 1918 and a PhD in 1919 with a thesis on ocular tumors.
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It may have been Mozart who was responsible for bringing Haydn into Freemasonry. Mozart joined the lodge called "Zur Wohltätigkeit" ("Beneficence") on 14 December 1784, and Haydn applied to the lodge "" ("True Concord") on 29 December 1784. Lodge records show that Mozart frequently attended "Zur wahren Eintracht" as a visitor. Haydn's admission ceremony was held on 11 February 1785; Mozart could not attend due to a concert that night.
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He even met Shaikh Abu al-Layla Misri and heard hadith from him. All Hafiz e Quran (memorizers of Quran), Muhaddiths (narrators of Hadiths), Qaries (reciters of Quran with correct accent and pronunciation) are given a chain of incredible narrators linking to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He gained exoteric and esoteric education from the most prominent and influential scholars of his time. He even got spiritual beneficence from Bayazid Bastami.
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Al- Maqdisi mentions several facts. He observes that "the basis of their doctrine is belief in light and darkness"; more specifically, "the principle of the universe is Light, of which a part has been effaced and has turned into Darkness". They "avoid carefully the shedding of blood, except when they raise the banner of revolt". They are "extremely concerned with cleanliness and purification, and with approaching people with kindness and beneficence".
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One aspect of RNA silencing to consider is its possible off-target affects, toxicity, and delivery methods. If RNA silencing is to become a conventional drug, it must first pass the typical ethical issues of biomedicine. Using risk-benefit analysis, researchers can determine whether RNA silencing conforms to ethical ideologies such as nonmaleficence, beneficence, and autonomy. There is a risk of creating infection-competent viruses that could infect non-consenting people.
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The three basic ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report are respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons incorporates emphasis on the subjects and their autonomy, meaning their ability to make decisions in the research. To have autonomy, subjects must give informed consent. This means they must be mature enough to and mentally capable of self-determination, must fully understand their role in the procedures, and must be completely voluntary to participate.
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Springer, 2007. 21. These bioethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice have been legitimized by Muslims jurists as falling into the sphere of Islamic law and have also been supported by Qur’anic verses (Qur'an 3:104, 16:90 and 17:70). They have subsequently become the foundational spirit underlying the Oath of the Muslim Doctor and, thus, dictate the conduct between a Muslim physician and his or her patient.Al-Hathery, Shabib.
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Has the eye of Justice been mole- > blinded?Cercidas, fragment 2, quoted in: Graham Shipley, The Greek World > After Alexander, 323-30 B.C., page 184. Routledge. Cercidas goes on to explain that he would rather leave the gods to the astrologers, and worship the tried Paean, Giving, and Retribution, that is, beneficence for those afflicted in body or spirit and punishment for wrongdoers. Another poem is erotic, teaching the cheap and easy way of love.
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The Arch of Alexander Severus is a Roman triumphal arch in the ancient civitas of Thugga, located in Dougga, Béja, Tunisia. It was dedicated to the Roman Emperor Alexander Severus (r. 222-235). The arch was built in 228, in gratitude to the emperor for his beneficence towards the city. It functioned as one of the city gates, at the end of a road linking to the road between Carthage and Tébessa.
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Duties of non-maleficence require us to refrain from causing deliberate harm or intentional avoidance of actions that might be expected to cause harm. Generally, obligations of non-maleficence are more stringent than obligations of beneficence, but again a cost/benefit analysis may need to be undertaken to identify the best possible action. In some situations harm may be unavoidable and then we must be sure that the benefits outweigh the harm.
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Clínica Alemana de Santiago ["The German Hospital of Santiago"] is a Chilean private health care facility. It is located in the eastern sector of Santiago de Chile with two facilities: one on Avenida Vitacura (in the Vitacura neighborhood) and the other in La Dehesa. The German Hospital is affiliated with the German-Chilean Beneficence Corporation which was created in 2000 to replace the Beneficent Society of the German Hospital, created on 5 July 1905.
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Hospital building in 1888 Gokuldas Tejpal Hospital is a government of Maharashtra run free hospital in South Mumbai, India. It was built in 1875 thanks to the beneficence of Gokuldas Tejpal, a renowned Hindu businessman and philanthropist of Mumbai. Rustomjee Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy offered £15,000 for the construction of a native hospital in 1865 if the government would put in £10,000. A financial crisis however led to Rustomjee being unable to follow it.
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Feeney has been called the "James Bond of philanthropy", for his secrecy and success. In 1997, Time said that "Feeney's beneficence already ranks among the grandest of any living American." He has shunned publicity, although he cooperated in his 2007 biography, The Billionaire Who Wasn't: How Chuck Feeney Made and Gave Away a Fortune Without Anyone Knowing. Feeney is also the subject of a documentary by RTÉ Factual, titled Secret Billionaire: The Chuck Feeney Story.
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Principle-based theory is defined as "respect for patient autonomy, beneficence non-maleficence, and justice to guide conflict resolution." Conflict-based theories emphasize women's rights to autonomy and the physician's moral obligation to both the woman and the fetus separately. Conflict arises as pregnancy is only unique to women, which is why it is necessary to prioritize women's autonomy and rights. When the fetal interest is prioritized, it imposes on social and racial equality.
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Beneficence as a notion is directly connected with the special political regime granted by the Ottoman state to the Chora Metsovou. The demonstration of altruism, signaling and confirming their social distinction and status, provides Metsovites with the option to have social and economic control of their homeland. At first, their social solidarity is expressed as a church- sponsoring funding activity according to the standards of a cultural notion that derives from the medieval past of the Orthodox church.
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Annakut is celebrated on the fourth day of Diwali. The fourth day of Diwali is also the first day of the new year in the Vikram Samvat calendar. Therefore, the rituals surrounding Annakut are closely linked with the rituals of the five days of Diwali. While the first three days of Diwali are days of prayer to sanctify wealth and invite greater wealth into the devotee's life, the annakut day is a day of offering gratitude for Krishna beneficence.
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Her wings represent the flight into the world that take place when students graduate. The five Corinthian columns behind the statue represent the Ball Brothers, for whom the university is named. Angel of the Waters Beneficence resembles earlier examples of French's work such as Angel of the Waters, part of a memorial to businessman and philanthropist George Robert White located in the Boston Public Garden in Boston, Massachusetts, and The Spirit of Life, located in Saratoga Springs, New York.
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With the Constitutio Antoniniana in 212, the emperor Caracalla granted Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. It had long been the expectation that when a non-Roman acquired citizenship he, as part of his enfranchisement, took on a Roman name.Salway, p.133 With the mass enfranchisement of 212, the new citizens adopted the nomen "Aurelius" in recognition of Caracalla’s beneficence (the emperor's full name was Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, with Aurelius as the nomen).
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In late 1063 al-Sulayhi led his forces into the Hejaz and challenged the Abbasids by conquering Mecca by 1064 and installing a client king there. Regarding al-Sulayhi's conquest of Mecca, Ibn al-Athir stated, "He put an end to injustice, reorganized the supply system, and increased the acts of beneficence." Al-Sulayhi brought Mecca firmly into the orbit of Shia Islam and had the name of the Fatimid caliphs pronounced in the khutba.Mernissi, pp.136-137.
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It was built out of hand-made bricks. In 1470 the church at Ladegård was demolished, after which the priory church has served also as a parish church up to the present day. An interesting obligation of the monastery, perhaps in return for royal beneficence, was to provide fresh horses and hounds for royal hunts. The burden became so great that the prior wrote to Christoffer I to complain about the cost of providing the services.
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Traditionally crossed over the chest when held, they probably represented the ruler as a shepherd whose beneficence is formidably tempered with might. In the interpretation of Toby Wilkinson, the flail, used to goad livestock, was a symbol of the ruler's coercive power: as shepherd of his flock, the ruler encouraged his subjects as well as restraining them. Still another interpretation, by E. A. Wallis Budge, is that the flail is what was used to thresh grain.
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132 In the letter Constantine expresses to Shapur his devotion to Christianity, attributing his success to the Christian deity whose beneficence is the result of Constantine's piety, religious toleration and destruction of Tyrants and persecutors.Eusebius 1999, pp.156-157 He makes reference to previous emperors who fell from power due to their persecution of Christians, Valerian chief among them, who was himself defeated and captured by the Persians, an event which Constantine ascribes to the Christian deity.Eusebius 1999, p.
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Vidal Astori's place of birth is not clear, but it was probably the city of Sagunto, where his workshop was located. The judería of Sagunto was one of the largest of Aragon. It included various institutions for social beneficence and a school for Talmudic studies, opened with direct permission of Doña María, Ferdinand's mother.C. Montenegro, M. (2014), “Miedo a la soledad y al desamparo. Algunas respuestas de la sociedad y del hombre medieval”, en En la España Medieval, 37.
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The Opinion analyses the chances and risks of big data in five health relevant application contexts, evaluates the current legal framework and explores how values such as freedom, privacy, sovereignty, beneficence, justice, solidarity and responsibility can be guaranteed under big data conditions. The Council recommends a governance concept focusing on data sovereignty and makes specific suggestions to (i) realise the potentials of big data, (ii) preserve individual freedom and privacy, (iii) safeguard fairness and solidarity, and (iv) promote responsibility and trust.
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The cemetery was founded around 1807, thanks to the efforts of the priest Matías Maestro. This multifaceted man, born in Vitoria (Spain) in 1776, came to Peru by the end of the 18th century to start a new business. In 1793, he became a Catholic Priest and since then he dedicated himself to “renewing” the churches and altarpieces with the latest fashion style: Neoclassical. He became General Director of Lima's Public Beneficence Society in 1826 and died on January 7, 1835.
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Piano dances that often assume the intimate and elaborate qualities of instrumental miniatures were the main object of his attention during the 1840s, including minuets, waltzes, and polkas.Bernardo Illari, “Volverse romántico (estudio preliminar)”, en Juan Pedro Esnaola, Valses, Minuets, Contradanzas, Cuadrillas, edición facsimilar (La Plata, Argentina: Instituto Cultural de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, 2009). Esnaola regularly produced anthems for civil institution, including the School of Moral Sciences, the Society of Beneficence (both dated in 1827), and the Philharmonic Society (1856).
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Two years later the Academy of Moral Sciences and Politics awarded her a prize for her work "Beneficence, philanthropy and charity". It was the first time the Academy gave the prize to a woman. She also attended political and literary debates, unheard of at the time for a woman. In later years she published poetry books and essays such as "Letters to delinquents" (1865), "Ode against slavery" (1866), "Convicts, the people and the executioner" and "The execution of the death sentence" (1867).
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By removing his black cloak (hırka), he is > spiritually reborn to the truth. At the beginning of the Sema, by holding > his arms crosswise, the semazen appears to represent the number one, thus > testifying to god's unity. While whirling, his arms are open: his right arm > is directed to the sky, ready to receive god's beneficence; his left hand, > upon which his eyes are fastened, is turned toward the earth. The semazen > conveys god's spiritual gift to those who are witnessing the Sema.
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This beneficence could span the whole range from grants to individuals to awards made to whole towns, and could even be applied to an entire population, as when Emperor Vespasian gave the ius Latii to all of Hispania in AD 74. Although this decree could encompass whole cities, it is important to note that it did not necessarily entail the establishment of a municipium (self-governing town). Often, as in Hispania, formal municipia might have been constituted several years after the initial grant.
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There is no evidence that he supported seeking a consent from patients. In a lecture titled "On the duties of patients to their physicians", he stated that patients should be strictly obedient to the physician's orders; this was representative of much of his writings. John Gregory, Rush's teacher, wrote similar views that a doctor could best practice beneficence by making decisions for the patients without their consent. Thomas Percival was a British physician who published a book called Medical Ethics in 1803.
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Symphony No. 39 ("Tempesta di mare") is a symphony in G minor (Hoboken 1/39) by Franz Joseph Haydn in 1765, at the age of 33 under the beneficence of Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. It is the earliest of Haydn's minor key symphonies associated with his Sturm und Drang period works (such as the Symphony No. 45). The work was influential and inspired later G minor symphonies by Johann Christian Bach (Op. 6, No. 6) and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (No. 25).
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The APA has specifically advised against sexual orientation change efforts and encourages practitioners to aid those who seek sexual orientation change by utilizing affirmative multiculturally competent therapy that recognizes the negative impact of social stigma on sexual minorities and balances ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, justice, and respect for people's rights and dignity. If a client wants to change his sexual orientation, the therapist should help the client come to their own decisions by evaluating the reasons behind the patient's goals.
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Starting in early 1943, several dozen Japanese Chileans were forced to move from strategically sensitive areas (such as copper mines) to the interior of the country. Meanwhile, the Japanese community became more united, offering mutual support in the face of wartime oppositions. These ties would later be formalized after the war with the organization of the Japanese Beneficence Society (Sociedad Japonesa de Beneficencia). By the 1990s, Chilean Nikkei enjoyed middle-class status, a high educational level, and employment in white-collar jobs.
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Ethical dilemmas occur when a patient with a DNR attempts suicide and the necessary treatment involves ventilation or CPR. In these cases it has been argued that the principle of beneficence takes precedence over patient autonomy and the DNR can be revoked by the physician. Another dilemma occurs when a medical error happens to a patient with a DNR. If the error is reversible only with CPR or ventilation there is no consensus if resuscitation should take place or not.
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Spencer wrote that in production the advantages of the superior individual are comparatively minor, and thus acceptable, yet the benefit that dominance provides those who control a large segment of production might be hazardous to competition. Spencer feared that an absence of "sympathetic self-restraint" of those with too much power could lead to the ruin of their competitors.Spencer, Herbert 1887 (The Ethics of Social Life: Negative Beneficence). The Collected Works of 6 Books (With Active Table of Contents) (Kindle Locations 26500–26524).
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Maria Catholic School (SMCS). A year after the founding of the school, a two-story wooden building was constructed to provide the students with eight classrooms. In 1962, through the beneficence of Eduardo and Cesar Lopez, additional classrooms were built on the brothers' lot situated across the street. SMCS had its first batch of graduates from the Grade School Department in school year 1965–66. The school accepted its first batch of high school freshmen in school year 1966–67.
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Many Islamic communities uphold paternalism as an acceptable part of medical care. However, autonomy and self-rule is also valued and protected and, in Islamic medicine, it is particularly upheld in terms of providing and expecting privacy in the healthcare setting. An example of this is requesting same gender providers in order to retain modesty. Overall, Beauchamp's principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are promoted and upheld in the medical sphere with as much importance as in Western culture.
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Fesch wed his nephew to Joséphine de Beauharnais in Paris in 1804, the day before Bonaparte was crowned as Emperor of the French, Compare: and in 1810 he wed Napoleon to Marie Louise of Austria. After the end of the French Empire, he relocated to Rome with his half-sister Laetitia Bonaparte and took up residence at the Palazzo Falconieri, dedicating himself to art and to beneficence. Like the rest of the Imperial House, he was banished from France from 1815.
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Blest served as its director for twenty years. As an important member of Chilean society at the time, William Blest, after being granted Chilean nationality, was in 1832 elected a member of the national congress for Rancagua, a seat he occupied until 1834, but without major interventions. He was also a faithful supporter of the Public Beneficence, sitting on its council for many years, helping to create hospitals, cemeteries, orphans' asylums, and the like. He was later also elected a Senator.
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Court painters made new versions of the Song masterpiece, Zhang Zeduan's Along the River During the Qingming Festival, whose depiction of a prosperous and happy realm demonstrated the beneficence of the emperor. The emperors undertook tours of the south and commissioned monumental scrolls to depict the grandeur of the occasion. Chinese painting Imperial patronage also encouraged the industrial production of ceramics and Chinese export porcelain. Peking glassware became popular after European glass making processes were introduced by Jesuits to Beijing.
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The panegyrics exemplify the culture of imperial praesentia, or "presence", also encapsulated in the imperial ceremony of adventus, or "arrival".Rees, Layers of Loyalty, 6–7. See also: S. MacCormack, "Change and Continuity in Late Antiquity: The Ceremony of "Adventus"," Historia 21:4 (1972): 721–52; B.S. Rodgers, "Divine Insinuation in the "Panegyrici Latini"," Historia 35:1 (1986): 69–104. The panegyrics held it as a matter of fact that the appearance of an emperor was directly responsible for bringing security and beneficence.
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As a result, he could not be treated with psychiatric medication, even if that meant that his health deteriorated as a result. Critics of the decision in Starson argue that because of mental deterioration, Starson did not have the capacity to make the decision to refuse treatment, and that his right to autonomy needs to be balanced with the right to be well. See also: autonomy as opposed to paternalism or beneficence. Autonomy is a complex concept in bioethics that has many variations.
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Today, he is remembered mainly for founding the Christoph Merian Stiftung, a highly visible non-profit entity that continues to support social, cultural, ecological and economic projects to the benefit of the general population in the Basel region to this day. As of 2006, its worth was 289 Million Swiss Francs, in addition to the 900 ha of land it owns. The institution was founded in Christoph Merian's Testament (dated 26.03.1857), in which he made an endowment/beneficence to the city of Basel.
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All the while he was extending his operations. He bought ten more mines of coal and of copper, in different districts of Japan. All of them prospered, and with their prosperity came a better share of the better things of life for the miners, and a great extension of fields of employment. So huge was his wealth and influence that superstitious people began to believe that he might be a demon and that all his beneficence was simply a ploy to gain control over them.
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The City hospital of Saint John was built within the fortress walls, but its exact location is not known. Emperor Charles VI signed the Belgrade City Statute in 1724 ("Proclamation on organizing German Belgrade"), which mentions city hospital, city pharmacy, medics and midwives. The German municipality had low incomes so it had to ask the state for help and beneficence. The hospital is mentioned in the 1728 Census. It was a hospital already in 1719, later becoming the residence of Thomas Berger, the head of the hospital.
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There is broad agreement in modern culture about moral standards: "the demand for universal justice and beneficence ... the claims of equality ... freedom and self-rule ... and ... the avoidance of death and suffering." But there is disagreement about moral sources that support the agreement. Taylor explains how these sources are threefold: theism, "a naturalism of disengaged reason", extending to scientism, and Romanticism or its modernist successors. Beyond the disagreement on moral sources is the conflict between disengaged reason and Romanticism/modernism, that instrumental reason empties life of meaning.
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Byzantine manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath AMA Code of Medical Ethics Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal.
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This oratory, with frescoes (1602) by Antonio Viviani, represents the rebuilding by Cardinal Baronius (1602) of the famous triclinium where St. Gregory hosted a meal every day for a dozen poor men of Rome. At the massive marble table on antique Roman bases, at odds with Gregory's reputation for asceticism, John the Deacon tellsActa S. Gregorii Papae, ii.23 (noted by Fehl 1973:373 and note 4. that an angel joined the twelve poor men who gathered at the table to partake of Gregory's beneficence.
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Judith Mary Still (born 1958) is Professor of French and Critical Theory at the University of Nottingham, England. She has a PhD (1985) from University College, London. Her thesis was The code of beneficence in the works of Jean- Jacques Rousseau : a study of the precariousness of justice in relations between non-equals : with special reference to pudicity. Her research focuses on the 18th and 20th centuries, and "is informed by feminist and poststructuralist theory (in particular the work of Jacques Derrida, Helene Cixous and Luce Irigaray)".
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He devoted life, means, and > talents, to make the heathen savage and slave, free and Christian man. For > Africa, he opened new paths to light, wealth and liberty – for Europe, new > fields of science, enterprize and beneficence. He won for Britain new honour > and influence, and for himself the respect, affection, and confidence of the > chiefs and people. He earned the love of those whom he commanded, and the > thanks of those whom he served, and left to all a brave example of humanity, > perseverance, and self-sacrifice to duty.
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Beneficence has been active as an independent emcee since the early 1990s. Originally recorded in 1991, he finally released the vinyl single "Sucka's Brevity" / "Hostile Life Style" in 1994 and the follow-up "Thin Line" / "Low Profile Man" in 1998. His debut album, Eye of the Storm, was released in 2004, and his sophomore album, Vocal Sport, in 2006 with help from Mr. Len (Company Flow), El Da Sensei and DJ Kaos (Artifacts), among others. His third album, Holders of the Key (2009), is a collaboration with Swiss producer DJ LKB.
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He died at Lincoln, 24 March 1731–2, and was buried in the retrochoir of the cathedral, by the side of his father. His only daughter, Susanna, who had nursed him assiduously, followed him to the grave in little more than a month, 27 April, and was buried in the same grave in which his wife, Dinah, was also buried, 4 September 1734. His monument bears a very lengthy epitaph, which describes him as a man of great suavity of disposition and beneficence, a cultured and popular preacher, and of some success as an author.
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Local legend has it that it was originally named Rossville after Ds Ross and that the name was changed to Rhodes in the hopes that the mining magnate and then Prime Minister of the Cape, Cecil John Rhodes, would bless the village with his beneficence. Alas, this was not to be and the legend has it that he sent a wagonload of Stone Pine trees instead. Another variation has it that he sent the trees as well as £500. The story continues that the funds disappeared together with the official who received them.
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For example, a concern to promote beneficence may be expressed in traditional medical ethics by the exercise of paternalism, where the health professional makes a decision based upon a perspective of acting in the patient's best interests. However, it is argued by some that this approach acts against person-centred values found in nursing ethics. The distinction can be examined from different theoretical angles. Despite the move toward more deontological themes by some, there continues to be an interest in virtue ethics in nursing ethics and some support for an ethic of care.
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He was an expert witness in Rodriguez v British Columbia (AG) which was the first case to challenge section 241(b) of the Criminal Code and Carter v Canada (AG). Dr Kluge acted as ethics advisor to Sue Rodriguez. He argues that, "there is no right to die—but there is a right to shape and end our lives in keeping with our competently-held values...It is all a matter of autonomy, beneficence and non-malfeasance." Eike-Henner was also an expert witness in Carter v Canada (AG).
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Another area of organizational technoethics that has been becoming increasingly popular is in the field of medicine. Medical ethics are based on values and judgments in a practical clinical placement where six values are portrayed the most: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, dignity, truthfulness and honesty. Many of the issues in medical ethics are due to a lack of communication between the patients, family members, and health care team. An asset to medical ethics that has brought attention to its advantages and disadvantages are electronic medical records (EMRs).
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By contrast, Ross argues that maximising the good is only one of several prima facie duties (prima facie obligations) which play a role in determining what a person ought to do in any given case. In The Right and the Good, Ross lists seven prima facie duties, without claiming his list to be all-inclusive: fidelity; reparation; gratitude; justice; beneficence; non- maleficence; and self-improvement. In any given situation, any number of these prima facie duties may apply. In the case of ethical dilemmas, they may even contradict one another.
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Historians cite a series of medical guidelines to trace the history of informed consent in medical practice. The Hippocratic Oath, a 500 BC Greek text, was the first set of Western writings giving guidelines for the conduct of medical professionals. It advises that physicians conceal most information from patients to give the patients the best care. The rationale is a beneficence model for care—the doctor knows better than the patient, and therefore should direct the patient's care, because the patient is not likely to have better ideas than the doctor.
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Accountability in research, 22(3), 123-138. An applied ethics approach to the examination of moral dilemmas can take many different forms but one of the most influential and most widely utilised approaches in bioethics and health care ethics is the four-principle approach developed by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress.Beauchamp, T. L. and Childress, J. F. (1994) Principles of medical ethics, New York: Oxford University Press. The four-principle approach, commonly termed principlism, entails consideration and application of four prima facie ethical principles: autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice.
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The building was built due to the beneficence of Mrs. Anna Kumler Wright, an alumna of Western College for Women, and her sister Ella Kumler McKelvy, also an alumna of Western College for Women. The sisters decided to have Kumler Chapel built in honor of their parents: their father, Reverend J.P.E. Kumler and their mother, Mrs. Abbie Goulding Kumler.“Miles in the Development of Kumler Chapel”. Miami University Western Archives Kumler Chapel was originally dedicated on November 10, 1916 yet it was not finished being built until September 1918.
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The concept of normality, that there is a human physiological standard contrasting with conditions of illness, abnormality and pain, leads to assumptions and bias that negatively affects health care practice. It is important to realize that normality is ambiguous and that ambiguity in healthcare and the acceptance of such ambiguity is necessary in order to practice humbler medicine and understand complex, sometimes unusual usual medical cases. Thus, society's views on central concepts in philosophy and clinical beneficence must be questioned and revisited, adopting ambiguity as a central player in medical practice.
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Hegel used Kant's example of being trusted with another man's money to argue that Kant's Formula of Universal Law cannot determine whether a social system of property is a morally good thing, because either answer can entail contradictions. He also used the example of helping the poor: if everyone helped the poor, there would be no poor left to help, so beneficence would be impossible if universalised, making it immoral according to Kant's model.Brooks 2012, p. 75. Hegel's second criticism was that Kant's ethics forces humans into an internal conflict between reason and desire.
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Humanitarian practices in areas lacking optimum care can also pause other interesting and difficult ethical dilemmas in terms of beneficence and non-maleficence. Humanitarian practices are based upon providing better medical equipment and care for communities whose country does not provide adequate healthcare. The issues with providing healthcare to communities in need may sometimes be religious or cultural backgrounds keeping people from performing certain procedures or taking certain drugs. On the other hand, wanting certain procedures done in a specific manner due to religious or cultural belief systems may also occur.
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The Building was not completed by the time the Qing Dynasty ended in 1911. Under the Republic of China, the building was initially the location of the Prime Minister's office and the meeting place of the Cabinet. In 1918 President Xu Shichang switched the President's residence and the Prime Minister's office, relocating his residence to Regent Palace, while the Prime Minister and Cabinet moved to Dianxu Hall in the Garden of Abundant Beneficence. When Huairen Hall became the Presidential residence in 1923, Regent Palace became the location of the army and naval department.
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Most individual psalms involve the praise of God for his power and beneficence, for his creation of the world, and for his past acts of deliverance for Israel. They envision a world in which everyone and everything will praise God, and God in turn will hear their prayers and respond. Sometimes God "hides his face" and refuses to respond, questioning (for the psalmist) the relationship between God and prayer which is the underlying assumption of the Book of Psalms. Some psalms are called "maskil" (maschil), meaning "enlightened" or "wise", because they impart wisdom.
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During the studies and after these, he begins to make series of concerts in North of Italy. His first concert in 1991, in the scientific liceum high school "Vitruvio Pollione" of Avezzano with all students and teachers (he was 16 years old). In 1997 the Conservatory of Milan choose him for the interpretation of Pieces for piano of Bruno Bettinelli, in presence of all teachers, students, people and of the same composer. At Cremona, between 2000 and 2002, he makes series of Concerts, also for beneficence, in presence of some local important people.
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Unlike Persian "Nima" - whether used as masculine and usually feminine name - could have been possibly adopted from the neighbouring Arabic noun-adjective "نِعْمَة \- ni‘mah / ni‘amah" - basic meaning: "blessing" or other meanings: "abundance; benefaction; beneficence; blessing; boon; favor; grace; kindness", for example, a lesser-composite Muslim masculine name like "نِعْمَةُ ٱلله \- Ni‘mat’Ullah / Ni‘amat’Ullah \- Blessing of Allah (God)" or a secondary meaning in the following sentence explained. However, this "نِعْمَة \- ni‘mah / ni‘amah" denoted and referenced in the Islamic holy book of the Holy Qur'an is meant as "the Favour(s)/ Grace of Allah (God)".
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In the 1950s, a prominent virologist named Chester M. Southam injected inmates from the Ohio State Penitentiary with HeLa cells in order to observe if people could be made immune to cancer by developing an acquired immune response. He compared the results of this experiment to an experiment in which he injected cancer cells into cancer patients, and observed that the prison subjects fought off the cancer faster than the subjects who had cancer. This case raised many ethical concerns, as many believe that it violated the bioethical principles of informed consent, non- maleficence, and beneficence.
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Joseon white porcelain jar with underglaze iron dragon and cloud design (National Treasure) A dragon jar, also known as cloud-dragon jar, is a type of ceremonial porcelain vessel that became popular among the ruling classes of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910). They are decorated with large dragons against a background of stylized clouds, painted with underglaze pigments. In addition to being a generally auspicious symbol, the dragon represented the authority and beneficence of the ruler.Gallery label, Philadelphia Museum of Art In 1754, King Yeongjo decreed that iron pigments were to be used exclusively, except for jars having a dragon design.
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The Marian reforms to the logistics and organisation of the Roman armies were profound, increasing the speed and agility of the military to react to foreign threats. In the ancient narratives, his reforms to the recruitment process for the Roman legions are roundly criticised for creating a soldiery wholly loyal to their generals and beholden to their beneficence of ability to secure payment from the state. However, this development did not emerge from Marius. And it was likely initially envisioned as nothing more than a temporary measure to meet the extraordinary threats of Numidia and the Cimbrian tribes.
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But he had a higher respect for integrity, justice, and truth; a higher respect for the rights of the poor, the weak, and defenceless. He acknowledged no authority in an oligarchy of wealth; no other nobility than that conferred by beneficence to mankind, by services actually rendered to his fellow-creatures. What he regarded as the humanity and justice of his political opinions, were treated, by the selfish and the arrogant, as treasonable to wealth. And hence the fact that neither the extent, nor the emoluments of his professional practice, indicated his merit as a lawyer, or its just reward.
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He was mayor of Huancayo city by the Aprista Party (2003-2006). He was also a member of the Board of Directors of the National Decentralization Council (CND), position for which he was appointed representative of the Provincial Mayors of Peru. He was also President of the Water Company Sedam - Huancayo, Vice - president of the Public Beneficence Society of Huancayo and President of the Lottery Branch. In the second government of Alan Garcia, he was appointed Executive President of the Social Security of Peru (ESSALUD), a position he held from September 2006 until October 2010, before being appointed Interior Minister.
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One reviewer praised Olmstead's ability to "translate nature's revelatory beauty into words", commenting that Coal Black Horse evokes what Henry David Thoreau described in Walden as "the indescribable innocence and beneficence of Nature"; by contrast, the Mexican desert of Far Bright Star is "the place of the sun shriveled and the dried up". The Chicago Tribune review praised the authenticity of the imagery and experiences in Olmstead's writing, while also comparing his writing to that of Ernest Hemingway. It noted the influence of contemporary events, such as the guerrilla warfare during the U.S. occupation of Fallujah during the Iraq War.
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The beneficence and non maleficence principle of the APA general principles guides psychologists to perform work that is beneficial to others yet does not hurt anyone in the process of carrying out that work. Psychologists are to remain aware of their professional influence and the potential consequences therein on individuals and groups who seek counsel with the psychologist, especially with respect to preventing misuse or abuse, while additionally maintaining awareness of how the psychologist's own physical and mental health may influence their work. Among professional interactions and research, psychologists ought to respect and protect the rights and welfare of patients and participants.
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PGD has the potential to screen for genetic issues unrelated to medical necessity, such as intelligence and beauty, and against negative traits such as disabilities. The medical community has regarded this as a counterintuitive and controversial suggestion. The prospect of a "designer baby" is closely related to the PGD technique, creating a fear that increasing frequency of genetic screening will move toward a modern eugenics movement. On the other hand, a principle of procreative beneficence is proposed, which is a putative moral obligation of parents in a position to select their children to favor those expected to have the best life.
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By the donation of Pepin, Forlimpopoli with the other cities of the exarchate and the Pentapolis was made a part of the patrimony of St. Peter. In 1073 during the episcopate of Pietro, Peter Damian went to Forlimpopoli to reform ecclesiastical disciplines, and on this occasion is thought to have delivered a sermon on St. Rufillus, which Vecchiazzani, an historian of this city, claims to have discovered at Rimini in the Library of St. Jerome. But this is very doubtful. Among the successive bishops, Ubertello (1214) and Taddeo (1285) were noted for their beneficence and their efforts for the preservation of peace.
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The earliest section was built in 1823 as a private home for Joshua Shepard (1780–1829). The Shepard family donated the house for use as a library in 1923. See also: In 2011 a renovation of the building was undertaken in order to bring the facilities of the library up to modern expectations of technological ability and handicap access. A new wing was added to the southeast end of the building, dubbed the Saunders wing after the beneficence of local business mogul E. Philip SaundersSee also: E. Philip Saunders College of Business and his wife Carol.
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Innocent XII said that "the poor were his nephews" and compared his public beneficence to the nepotism of many predecessors. Innocent XII also introduced various reforms into the States of the Church including the Forum Innocentianum, designed to improve the administration of justice dispensed by the Church. In 1693 he compelled French bishops to retract the four propositions relating to the Gallican Liberties which had been formulated by the assembly of 1682. In 1699, he decided in favour of Jacques-Benigne Bossuet in that prelate's controversy with Fénelon about the Explication des Maximes des Saints sur la Vie Intérieure of the latter.
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In some iconography, Parvati's hands may symbolically express many mudras (symbolic hand gestures). For example, Kataka — representing fascination and enchantment, Hirana — representing the antelope, the symbolism for nature and the elusive, Tarjani by the left hand—representing gesture of menace, and Chandrakal — representing the moon, a symbol of intelligence. Kataka is expressed by hands closer to the devotee; Tarjani mudra with the left hand, but far from devotee. If Parvati is depicted with two hands, Kataka mudra—also called Katyavalambita or Katisamsthita hasta—is common, as well as Abhaya (fearlessness, fear not) and Varada (beneficence) are representational in Parvati's iconography.
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Double effect refers to two types of consequences that may be produced by a single action,Medical.Webends.com > Double effect Retrieved September 2010 and in medical ethics it is usually regarded as the combined effect of beneficence and non-maleficence.Page 424 in: A commonly cited example of this phenomenon is the use of morphine or other analgesic in the dying patient. Such use of morphine can have the beneficial effect of easing the pain and suffering of the patient while simultaneously having the maleficent effect of shortening the life of the patient through the deactivation of the respiratory system.
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Grubb was greatly interested in social beneficence, a trait which combined with her business acumen, earned her the title 'the Queen of the South' She sent aid to those afflicted by the 1798 Rising, helped to found Newtown School in County Waterford, the Garryroan Meeting House in County Tipperary, helped German refugees in London, and helped support the fight against slaverySome Account of The Life and Religious Labours of Sarah Grubb (1794) Phillips She died in 1832 leaving a fortune estimated at £100,000, at her home at Anner Mills. She is buried in the Quaker Burial Ground, Clonmel.
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In 1738, he was sent by the Russian government on a mission to Constantinople, returning in May to Saint Petersburg. It appears that after this he was for several years established as a merchant at Constantinople, where he married Mary Peters, a Russian lady, and returned to Scotland in 1746, where he spent the latter part of his life on his estate, enjoying the society of his friends. After a long life spent in active beneficence and philanthropic exertions, he died at Antermony on 1 July 1780, at the advanced age of 89. He is buried in Campsie Glen.
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In order to properly apply any of the principles listed above in the complex setting of ICT research, it is first necessary to perform a systematic and comprehensive stakeholder analysis. The Proposed guidelines for ethical assessment of ICT Research are as follows: # Respect for Persons. Participation as a research subject is voluntary, and follows from informed consent; Treat individuals as autonomous agents and respect their right to determine their own best interests; Respect individuals who are not targets of research yet are impacted; Individuals with diminished autonomy, who are incapable of deciding for themselves, are entitled to protection. # Beneficence.
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Tumminio Hansen believes that that the terms most commonly used for sexual violations—including “rape” and “sexual assault”—fail to represent the scope of sexual harm, especially among marginalized populations and when harm fails to represent rape scripts and stereotypes. She proposes in “Absent a Word” that the linguistic gaps in matters of sexual violations instantiate concrete harm to victims. In “Remembering Rape in Heaven,” Tumminio Hansen argues against Miroslav Volf’s proposal that trauma must be forgotten in the eschaton. She suggests that such a proposal raises serious concerns concerning victim epistemic credibility, divine beneficence, and the purpose of remembering the biblical corpus.
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This is the highest swimming award given by Sport Algés e Dafundo, as recognition of the contribution given to the club. One of the less known and most curious episodes of his sports career was when he participated in a swimming event in the United States of America. The event called Turning of the Tides, a beneficence event to MS that was held in September 2001, just a few weeks after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. An Open Water competition that consisted in a 35 kilometres swimming relay, with one-hour legs, between Santa Catalina Island and Santa Monica shore.
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As an obstetrician and caregiver for the mother as a patient, it is important a physician acknowledges how their role and decisions affect both the mother and fetus, although the mother is ultimately their patient. Physicians must prioritize the mother's rights and autonomy as well as understand the value of beneficence and non-maleficence. Those that view the fetus and mother as one entity, acknowledge the overall benefit of a decision in regards to both the fetus and mother. Those that view the fetus and mother as separate entities, cannot overlook the mother's rights for the benefits of the fetus and vice versa.
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The apparent cruelty of the ichneumonids troubled philosophers, naturalists, and theologians in the 19th century, who found the parasitoid life style inconsistent with the notion of a world created by a loving and benevolent God. Charles Darwin found the example of the Ichneumonidae so troubling that it contributed to his increasing doubts about the nature and existence of a Creator. In an 1860 letter to the American naturalist Asa Gray, Darwin wrote: > I own that I cannot see as plainly as others do, and as I should wish to do, > evidence of design and beneficence on all sides of us. There seems to me too > much misery in the world.
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Many texts dating from the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) used the ethnonyms Yi and Siyi. For example, the (139 BCE) Huainanzi, which is an eclectic compilation attributed to Liu An, uses Siyi "Four Barbarians" in three chapters (and Jiuyi "Nine Barbarians" in two). > Yu understood that the world had become rebellious and thereupon knocked > down the wall [built by his father Gun to protect Xia], filled in the moat > surrounding the city, gave away their resources, burned their armor and > weapons, and treated everyone with beneficence. And so the lands beyond the > Four Seas respectfully submitted, and the four Yi tribes brought tribute.
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Socialism applied to charitable causes is an underlying theme; the John Grier Home couldn't survive without the beneficence of the trustees and community. The novel also deals with the evolving ideas about how best to care for orphans at the turn of the century, with the institution-style establishments falling out of favor, in light of the modern 'cottage' approach. Care for the children's emotional and spiritual needs is considered paramount, as Sallie works with Dr. MacRae, Judy, and Jervis to enact her reforms. The reasons these are necessary at the John Grier Home is clearly outlined in the first novel, in Judy's miserable recollections of her old home.
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In a study by Nancy Shore, community-based participatory researchers were interviewed for their interpretation and critique of the Belmont Report. Interviewees expressed concerns regarding the Belmont Reports ethical principles and interpretations as being one size fits all and advocated researchers to resist the tendency to rely on those principles systematically. It argues that the ethical analysis should be extended to take into account more appropriate factors, such as cultural, gender, ethnic and geographical considerations. Debate continues over the ethics and regulations of research involving human subjects because of discrepancies over the meaning and priority of the Belmont Reports basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
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Principlism has evolved into a practical approach for ethical decision-making that focuses on the common-ground moral principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice. The practicality of this approach is that principlism can be derived from, is consistent with, or at the very least is not in conflict with a multitude of ethical, theological, and social approaches towards moral decision-making. This pluralistic approach is essential when making moral decisions institutionally, pedagogically, and in the community as pluralistic interdisciplinary groups by definition cannot agree on particular moral theories or their epistemic justifications. However, pluralistic interdisciplinary groups can and do agree on intersubjective principles.
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Hpon refers to the cumulative result of past deeds, an idea that power or social position comes from merit earned in previous lives. This idea is used to justify the prevalent view that women are lesser than men, who are considered to have more hpon. Age is still considered synonymous with experience and wisdom, hence venerated. Parents and teachers are second only to the Three Jewels ( yadana thoun ba), together making up the Five Boundless Beneficence ( ananda nga ba), and are paid obeisance (called gadaw) at special times of the year such as Thingyan, beginning and end of Buddhist Lent, and usually parents before one leaves on a journey.
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Perón meets with the public in her foundation's office. The Sociedad de Beneficencia (Society of Beneficence), a charity group made up of 87 society ladies, was responsible for most works of charity in Buenos Aires prior to the election of Juan Perón. At one point the Sociedad had been an enlightened institution, caring for orphans and homeless women, but those days had long since passed by the time of the first term of Juan Perón. In the 1800s, the Sociedad had been supported by private contributions, largely those of the husbands of the society ladies, but by the 1940s, the Sociedad was supported by the government.
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More recently, new techniques for gene editing aiming at treating, preventing and curing diseases utilizing gene editing, are raising important moral questions about their applications in medicine and treatments as well as societal impacts on future generations. As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking across all cultural and religious backgrounds around the world. The field of medical ethics encompasses both practical application in clinical settings and scholarly work in philosophy, history, and sociology. Medical ethics encompasses beneficence, autonomy, and justice as they relate to conflicts such as euthanasia, patient confidentiality, informed consent, and conflicts of interest in healthcare.
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Currently, the SCLD has stem cell information for only human stem cells and mice stem cells. However, the SCLD does have the intentions to add more species to their database. Due to the ethical constraints of conducting stem cell research on humans, the use of mice has been for advances in this field of study. "The most salient ethical values implicated by the use of human participants in research are beneficence (doing good), non‐maleficence (preventing or mitigating harm), fidelity and trust within the fiduciary investigator/participant relationship, personal dignity, and autonomy pertaining to both informed, voluntary, competent decision making and the privacy of personal information".
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One of the major premises of medical ethics surrounds "the development of valuational measures of outcomes of health care treatments and programs; these outcome measures are designed to guide health policy and so must be able to be applied to substantial numbers of people, including across or even between whole societies."Dan Brock, "Quality of Life Measures in Health Care and Medical Ethics," Bioethics Ed. John Harris (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 387. Terms like beneficence and non-maleficence are vital to the overall understanding of medical ethics. Therefore, it becomes important to acquire a basic grasp of the varying dynamics that go into a doctor-patient relationship.
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Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Zhang Wentian outside of Dianxu Hall in the Garden of Abundant Beneficence () Some of these buildings were built by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty who originally used them to raise silkworms. More buildings were later added by Emperor Qianlong, who used them as libraries and as a personal retreat. Throughout this garden, there are wooden placards at the buildings’ entrances, inscribed by Emperor Qianlong.Dr. Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao, II: 1949–1957, 6, Random House, (1994) In the northwestern area of the garden is a building called Chunlianzhai () which once housed the seal of Emperor Qianlong and several artworks.
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Aside from the supreme name "Allah" and the neologism al-Rahman (referring to the divine beneficence that constantly (re)creates, maintains and destroys the universe), other names may be shared by both God and human beings. According to the Islamic teachings, the latter is meant to serve as a reminder of God's immanence rather than being a sign of one's divinity or alternatively imposing a limitation on God's transcendent nature. Tawhid or Oneness of God constitutes the foremost article of the Muslim profession.D. Gimaret, Tawhid, Encyclopedia of Islam To attribute divinity to a created entity is the only unpardonable sin mentioned in the Qur'an.
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Medical genetic ethics is a field in which the ethics of medical genetics is evaluated. Like the other field of medicine, medical genetics also face ethical issues. The availability of direct to consumer (DTC) genetic testing to analyses the genetic variants which predispose the individuals to medical conditions like breast cancer and ovarian cancer demands the review of the guidelines which are based on the ethical issues associated with the clinical setup. Ethics principles, which are based on the physician-patient relationship, like respect for the autonomy of persons, beneficence, non- maleficence, and justice applied in medical field cover most of the ethical issues in medical genetics.
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Pruis brought many different scholarship opportunities to Ball State such as the Whitinger Scholars Program, John R. Emens Scholars, Martin Luther King, Jr. Scholarships, and Undergraduate research grants. He also established foreign language houses, as well as graduate assistant and doctoral fellow programs. The Ball State University Annual Fund grew from $170,758 to approximately $1.8 million during John J. Pruis' presidency. John and Angeline Pruis hosted many university and community events on campus and in the Bracken House as well as being involved in the Fellows Society, Quadrangle Society, Beneficence Society, Cardinal Varsity Club, Friends of the Museum of Art and Friends of Bracken Library.
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For her I will march to the very edge of Colombia to break the chains which bind the sons of Ecuador, and, making them free, invite them to join her. Sir, I hope that you will authorize me to join together, in beneficence, those peoples which nature and Heaven have made our brothers. Once this work, born of our wisdom and my zeal, is done, nothing will remain for us to achieve but peace, so that we may give to Colombia its rest and its glory. Therefore, Sir, I preach you ardently, do not show yourself deaf to the call of my conscience and my honour, which bid me loudly to remain solely a citizen.
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Beneficence by Metsovites is a powerful phenomenon, the dimensions of which were formed through the processes relating to the socioeconomic growth of Metsovo during the Ottoman period. It is mainly the expression of the cultural notions that governed the ruling class of Metsovo at the time. Despite the long absence of the men of the community from Metsovo, due to their business and commercial activities, their hometown remains in their hearts as their financial and family seat. Consequently, a large part of their revenue is channeled into the local economy by themselves or their families, as charity or investment capital to be used for the conservation of the social and political superiority of their class.
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See Cicero, De Legibus, Book > 1: 25. > Cicero’s humanitas . . . reappeared in the first century in Seneca’s claim – > made in the midst of a lament over Roman bestiality – that man is a sacred > thing to man: “homo res sacra homini”; and reappeared once more in the > eighteenth century in Kant’s call for human autonomy and in Voltaire’s stern > injunction: “Remember your dignity as a man.” In the beginning of his > Meditations, the Emperor Marcus Aurelius elaborated a veritable catalog of > qualities which, all together, made up the virtues which Cicero had called > humanitas and which the philosophes hoped they possessed in good measure: > modesty, self-control, manliness, beneficence, practicality, generosity, > rationality, tolerance, and obedience to the dictates of nature.
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Peter Paul Fuchs "A Resolution of Mozart and Freemasonry: Enlightenment and the Persistence of Counter-Reformation" in The Bull's Apron: The Aesthetic Theory of Masonic Art and Material Culture. Alexandria: Association of Masonic Arts, 2015 However in his book Mozart and the Enlightenment Nicholas Till demonstrates that Mozart's original lodge "Zur Wohltätigkeit" (At Beneficence) was a reform-Catholic lodge following the tenets of the Italian liberal theologian Ludovico Muratori and was committed in particular to the Catholic ideal of charity. And musicologist David J. Buch notes that many of Mozart's musical devices identified with Masonry have precedents in non-Masonic music as well. David J. Buch: Magic Flutes and Enchanted Forests, The University of Chicago Press, 2008.
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The subject is very similar to that of human medical ethics in that the study of the relationship between the doctor and the patient relates closely to that of the veterinary surgeon and animal owner. However, the subject differs greatly in the consideration of the uses of animals, while a doctor’s duty may to preserve life at nearly all cost, the veterinary surgeon needs to adapt their attitude to health and longevity of life to the purpose of the animal (E.g., farm animals). Much of what is understood in the field of professionalism and professional responsibilities in confidentiality, preserving autonomy, beneficence, truth-telling, whistleblowing, informed consent and communication is largely lifted from the research done in the medical profession.
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In 1927 the Muncie Chamber of Commerce proposed the building of a memorial to express gratitude on behalf of Muncie and Ball State University for the Ball Brothers' extensive generosity to the community. The monetary value of the Balls' philanthropies in Muncie totaled $7 million by the time of the monument's completion in 1937. The Chamber commissioned renowned sculptor Daniel Chester French, who sculpted the statue of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The name Beneficence was chosen for the statue because it aptly described the feelings of the community and the actions of the Ball Brothers. French entrusted architect Richard Henry Dana to choose a location for the statue and to design the surrounding promenade.
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These are pensions granted by the Sovereign from the Civil List upon the recommendation of the First Lord of the Treasury. They were to be "granted to such persons only as have just claims on the royal beneficence or who by their personal services to the Crown, or by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their sovereign and the gratitude of their country."Civil List Act 1837 (c.2) As of 1911, a sum of £1,200 was allotted each year from the Civil List, in addition to the pensions already in force.
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A current controversy among mental health professionals involves the use of the terms evidence based practice or evidence based treatment. Proponents of the evidence-based treatments movement argue that it is unethical to administer a therapeutic intervention with questionable research support when another treatment's effectiveness has been demonstrated for the client's condition, particularly when the intervention in question is potentially harmful (such as conversion therapy). Proponents argue that administration of an empirically questionable treatment violates the general Principle A of the ethical principles of psychologist: Beneficence and nonmaleficence (or "do no harm"). Critics of the evidence-based practice movement note ethical concerns regarding the research and practice of evidenced-based treatments themselves.
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The close relationship between the Balls and the school led to an unofficial moniker for the college, with many students, faculty, and local politicians casually referring to the school as "Ball State," a shorthand alternative to its longer, official name. During the 1922 short session of the Indiana legislature, the state renamed the school as Ball Teachers College. This was in recognition of the Ball family's continuing beneficence to the institution. During this act, the state also reorganized its relationship with Terre Haute and established a separate local board of trustees for the Muncie campus. In 1924, Ball Teachers College's trustees hired Benjamin J. Burris as the successor to President Linnaeus N. Hines.
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Londo's closest friend is his attache Vir Cotto. Initially, the two had a comically adversarial relationship: Vir was guileless, naive and extremely honest and empathetic, making him completely inept at Centauri political process, which irked Londo no end. Londo thoroughly enjoyed tormenting him with outrageous demands and workloads in an attempt to train him to be a more efficient Centauri, but over the course of The Shadow War, the Earth Civil War, and the rebuilding of Centauri, the two became almost inseparable. Though Londo never truly abandons his playful condescension towards Vir for his beneficence and even disagrees with his empathy at times, Londo admires and envies Vir's innocence and respects his opinion and assistance throughout his career.
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What makes his work even more singular is the "human" perspective that summarizes the multiplicity of domains that he is involved in, partaking in the scientific, ethical, moral, religious, cultural, and historic. He was a doctor for the Royal House, and for plenty of well-known people from the social life in Spain, but above it all he was a "beneficence doctor" (or of attention to the poorest people) at the Hospital Provincial de Madrid, nowadays called Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, where in 1911 was appointed at his own request in the unit of infectious diseases. Along with this hospital, the biggest in Madrid, his name stands today on several streets and educational institutions all over Spain.
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In her later years, her health being a permanent cause of concern, Concepción Arenal lived with her son Fernando and Fernando's second wife, Ernestina Winter. Concepción Arenal and her husband collaborated closely on the liberal newspaper Iberia until Fernando's death in 1859. Penniless she was forced to sell all her possessions in Armaño and moved into the house of violinist and composer Jesús de Monasterio in Potes, Cantabria, where in 1859 she founded the feminist group Conference of Saint Vincent de Paul in order to help the poor. Two years later the Academy of Moral Sciences and Politics awarded her a prize for her work La beneficencia, la filantropía y la caridad [Beneficence, philanthropy and charity].
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After the Boxer Rebellion Chunlianzhai was looted and it subsequently became a summer residence for the commander of the German contingent of the Eight Nation Alliance Army. In the early days of the People's Republic of China Chunlianzhai was used as a dance hall, where dances were held twice a week by senior party leaders. The largest building in the Garden of Abundant Beneficence is Dianxu Hall, which was known as Chong Ya Temple during the Qianlong Emperor's reign, Yiennian Temple () during the Guangxu Emperor's reign and finally as Yitingnian during the Republic of China. During the Beiyang Government (1912-1928) of the Republic of China, the office of the President was initially located in Dianxu Hall.
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Juan Soldevilla y Romero was born in Fuentelapeña, and studied at the seminaries in Valladolid and Toledo before being ordained to the priesthood on December 28, 1867. He obtained his doctorate in theology from the Central Seminary of Santiago de Compostela in 1868, and then studied canon law at the seminary in Tuy. Soldevilla served as a curate in three parishes in the Archdiocese of Valladolid, and became secretary to the Archbishop, Cesáreo Rodrigo y Rodríguez, (1875), a cathedral canon (1883), and an archpriest (1887). Along with sitting on the Provincial Junta of Beneficence and on the Diocesan Junta for the Reconstruction of Churches, he was the Royal Preacher and a Knight of the Royal American Order of Isabel la Católica, a secretary capitular, and synodal examiner.
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In the second, the idea of Catalan homeland is very clear and admires industrialization. He was able to carry out an important literary activity, with his own talk, and of social beneficence because he had only one daughter, unlike other writers, such as Manuela de los Herreros Sorà, with whom he established friendship, who saw his work collapsed because of maternity. He published both in magazines in Mallorca and in Catalonia. He approached the social question from Catholicism according to the guidelines of Leo XIII, he knew firsthand the work of the textile workers by the company of his husband, "La Alfombrera", and he was very active in founding for the children of the workers the Bressols del Minyó Jesus, in imitation of those of Catalonia.
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As an expression of the many gifts from the Ball family since 1917, sculptor Daniel Chester French was commissioned by Muncie's chamber of commerce to cast a bronze fountain figure to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Ball brothers' gift to the state. His creation, the statue Beneficence, still stands today between the Administration Building and Lucina Hall where Talley Avenue ends at University Avenue. Ball State, like the rest of the nation, was affected by the onset of World War II. There were several dramatic changes on Ball State's campus during World War II. In 1939 Ball State began its Civilian Pilot Training program which had popular enrollment. This program allowed students and local resident to learn to fly, instructed by the Muncie Aviation Company.
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The child's father was expected to add onion and ginger to the bath water, symbolizing mind and health, while also providing sacrifices to the spirits of the ancestors. A Daoist fortune-teller was then employed to draw up a horoscope for the child, which revealed that he was lacking in the water element; Mao was therefore given the personal name of Zedong because according to Hunanese custom the character of ze ("to anoint") was deemed to correct this deficiency. The character of ze however had a dual meaning; as well as referring to moisture, it also implied kindness and beneficence. Yichang chose the latter part of his son's name, dong ("east"), so that the child's name would mean "benefactor of the east".
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Receive, my dearest Horatia, the > affectionate parental blessing of your Father, NELSON AND BRONTE. William Owen, after 1807) Horatia Nelson, circa 1815 In his letter to Emma the same day, he wrote "I will take care that my name shall ever be most dear to you and Horatia, both of whom I love as much as my own life." One of Nelson's last wishes was that Horatia should take the name Nelson, leaving her £200 a year in his will and adding : :"I leave to the beneficence of my country my adopted (sic) daughter Horatia Nelson Thompson, and I desire she will use in future the name of Nelson only.""Lord Nelson's Letters and Dispatches", review, from Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, XIII (1846) p.
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George Peyton returns to the United States from a trip to France to find that the plantation he has inherited is in dire financial straits as a result of his late uncle's beneficence. Jacob McClosky, the man who ruined Judge Peyton, has come to inform George and his aunt (who was bequeathed a life interest in the estate) that their land will be sold and their slaves auctioned off separately. Salem Scudder, a kind Yankee, was Judge Peyton's business partner; though he wishes he could save Terrebonne, he has no money. George is courted by the rich Southern belle heiress Dora Sunnyside, but he finds himself falling in love with Zoe, the daughter of his uncle through one of the slaves.
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Abu Al Fazal Abdul Wahid Yemeni Tamimi is often associated with Abu Bakr ShibliLeonard Lewisohn, "The Heritage of Sufism: Classical Persian Sufism from its origins to Rumi", the University of Michigan, 1999. pg 53: "Two Persian Sufis - Mansur Hallaj and Abu Bakr Shibli (d. 945), the latter from Samarqand by origin but born origin in Baghdad" due to his character. This is probably because he gained beneficence from Abu Bakr Shibli although he took Bayatat the hands of his father Abdul Aziz bin Haris bin Asad al-Tamimi from whom he was given the Sufi khirqa. Muhaddith Shah Waliullah Dehlawi is reported to have said, “Abdul Wahid at-Tamimi wore the Khirqa from both ‘Abdul Aziz al-Tamimi and Abu Bakr Shibli.
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Another important issue is the uncertainty of prenatal genetic testing. Uncertainty on genetic testing results from several reasons: the genetic test is associated with a disease but the prognosis and/or probability is unknown, the genetic test provides information different than the familiar disease they tested for, found genetic variants have unknown significance, and finally, results may not be associated with found fetal abnormalities. Richardson and Ormond thoroughly addressed the issue of uncertainty of genetic testing and explained its implication for bioethics. First, the principle of beneficence is assumed in prenatal testing by decreasing the risk of miscarriage, however, uncertain information derived from genetic testing may harm the parents by provoking anxiety and leading to the termination of a fetus that is probably healthy.
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In its Opinion, published 9 May 2019, the Council examines whether interventions in the human germline could be at all justifiable and according to which criteria the ethical admissibility of specific applications can be decided. It examines the further research process necessary before any clinical application and three possible areas of application for germline interventions: the prevention of severe hereditary disorders, the reduction of disease risks and the targeted improvement of specific human traits or abilities (enhancement). The analysis is based on eight ethical concepts: human dignity, protection of life and integrity, freedom, naturalness, non-maleficence and beneficence, justice, solidarity and responsibility. The Council members come up with seven unanimous recommendations, including a call for an application moratorium, but also the agreement that the human germline is not categorically inviolable.
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Brian Wright, Andrew Crosse and the mite that shocked the world (Troubador Publishing, 2015), p. 215 He collected a coterie of friends who went to great lengths to help him and writing for the Encyclopædia Britannica Swinburne comments that "his loyalty and liberality of heart were as inexhaustible as his bounty and beneficence of hand", adding that "praise and encouragement, deserved or undeserved, came more readily to his lips than challenge or defiance". The numerous accounts of those with whom he came in contact reveal that he was fascinating company and he dined out on his wit and knowledge for a great part of his life. Landor's powerful sense of humour, expressed in his tremendous and famous laughs no doubt contributed to and yet helped assuage the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.
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The missionaries took the view that the proposition was contrary to their belief in equality and that it represented both an incomplete rejection of the caste system and of Hindu practices. Alagodi has speculated that if the proposition had been accepted then "Protestant Christians would have been perhaps one of the largest religious communities in and around Mangalore today." A further barrier to conversion proved to be the Billava's toddy tapping occupation: the Basel Mission held no truck with alcohol, and those who did convert found themselves economically disadvantaged, often lacking both a job and a home. This could apply even if they were not toddy tappers: as tenant farmers or otherwise involved in agriculture, they would lose their homes and the potential beneficence of their landlords if they converted.
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Moreover, a lack of support along with a generally negative attitude toward organ donation and transplantation has been reflected in surveys of diverse Islamic populations. This overall negativity towards organ donation has resulted in low rates of participation in organ donation by practicing Muslims even in cases where donation would be considered permissible by religious leaders. The Islamic bioethical concepts of autonomy, beneficence, justice and non-malfeasance is theocentric not anthropocentric and adhere to Shari’a law. Guiding directives of Islam include the right of the community and the right to health. Shari’a law divides the conduct of human right into two categories: Huquq-Allah, right of God, and Huquq al-Ibad, right of the individual. The primary sources of Shari’a law are the Quran and Sunnah, and this is enforced by Ijtihad.
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Formal review procedures for institutional human subject studies were originally developed in direct response to research abuses in the 20th century. Among the most notorious of these abuses were the experiments of Nazi physicians, which became a focus of the post-World War II Doctors' Trial, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, a long-term project conducted between 1932 and 1972 by the U.S. Public Health Service, and numerous human radiation experiments conducted during the Cold War. Other controversial U.S. projects undertaken during this era include the Milgram obedience experiment, the Stanford prison experiment, and Project MKULTRA, a series of classified mind control studies organized by the CIA. The result of these abuses was the National Research Act of 1974 and the development of the Belmont Report, which outlined the primary ethical principles in human subjects review; these include "respect for persons", "beneficence", and "justice".
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In the Western view, the ethical compass of the Soviet psychiatrists begins to wander when they act in the service of this greatest beneficence. According to St Petersburg psychiatrist Vladimir Pshizov, a disastrous factor for domestic psychiatry is that those who had committed the crime against humanity were allowed to stay on their positions until they can leave this world in a natural way. Those who retained their positions and influence turned domestic psychiatry from politically motivated one to criminally motivated one because the sphere of interests of this public has been reduced to making a business of psychopharmacologic drugs and taking possession of the homes of the ill. In Soviet times, all the heads of departments of psychiatry, all the directors of psychiatric research institutes, all the head doctors of psychiatric hospitals were the CPSU nomenklatura, which they remained so far.
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He favoured the practical over the ostentatious and spread his beneficence not only in his own country but also to religious causes in places such as Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Nova Scotia. Locally, Warneford spent £1,000 refitting his own church in Bourton and also a similar sum on that of the church at the nearby Moreton-in-Marsh. There and throughout the rest of the Gloucester diocese, he financed the building of schools and the provision of medical aid, while in Bourton he also provided facilities for older people. On the other hand, he fell out with his parishioners at Lydiard Millicent when they objected to his attempts to increase the tithe and the church there fell into disrepair as he refused to spend money on it despite it being his responsibility to do so.
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He married an unnamed woman, by whom he had a son called Gnaeus Claudius Severus. Severus was evidently a politician with a deep interest in political philosophy, as evidenced by Marcus Aurelius’ opinion of him in Meditations (1.14n): : From Severus: love of family, love of truth, love of justice; to have come by his help to understand Thrasea, Helvidius, Cato, Dio Brutus; to have conceived the idea of a balanced constitution, a commonwealth based on equality and freedom of speech, and of a monarchy which values above all the liberty of the subject; from him, too, a constant and vigorous respect for philosophy; beneficence, unstinting generosity, optimism; his confidence in the affection of his friends, his frankness with those who met with his censure, and open likes and dislikes, so that his friends did not need to guess at his wishes.
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She saw his defeat—and the forestalling of his vision from coming to fruition—as a result of him being "too magnanimous, too trusting, too good", of not being merciless enough, of having in his "psychological make-up, too much 'sun' [beneficence] and not enough 'lightning.' [practical ruthlessness]",The Lightning and the Sun, unabridged edition, p. 53 unlike his coming incarnation: > "Kalki" will act with unprecedented ruthlessness. Contrarily to Adolf > Hitler, He will spare not a single one of the enemies of the divine Cause: > not a single one of its outspoken opponents but also not a single one of the > lukewarm, of the opportunists, of the ideologically heretical, of the > racially bastardised, of the unhealthy, of the hesitating, of the all-too- > human; not a single one of those who, in body or in character or mind, bear > the stamp of the fallen Ages.
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The Council takes the view that its terms of reference do not require it to adopt the same ethical framework or set of principles in all reports. The Council is therefore not bound by the values of particular schools of philosophy (for example, utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics) or approaches in bioethics, such as the 'four principles of bioethics' (autonomy, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence), or the Barcelona Principles (autonomy, dignity, integrity, vulnerability).Nuffield Council on Bioethics: How does the Council ‘do’ ethics? In 2006-7, John Harris, Professor of Bioethics at the University of Manchester, and Dr Sarah Chan carried out an external review of the way ethical frameworks, principles, norms and guiding concepts feature in the Council's publications.Nuffield Council on Bioethics: An external review of the Council’s ethics The authors found that the ethical frameworks used in the Council's publications had become increasingly explicit and transparent.
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With the Bible as a basis, the Fathers and Doctors of the Church explained particular features of the Christian life in a more coherent and detailed manner. The Apostolic Fathers called the love of God and man the sun of Christian life which, animating all virtues with its vital rays, inspires contempt of the world, beneficence, immaculate purity and self- sacrifice. The "Didache", which was intended to serve as a manual for catechumens, thus describes the way of life: "First, thou shalt love God, who created thee; secondly, thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; whatever thou wishest that it should not be done to thee, do not to others." Following probably the "Didache", the "Epistle of Barnabas", written at the end of the 2nd century, represents the Christian life under the figure of the two ways, that of light and that of darkness.
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There are two, four or six armed incarnations of Rāgarāja but the six-armed one is the most common. Those six arms bear a bell which calls one to awareness; a vajra, the diamond that cuts through illusion, an unopened lotus flower representing the power of subjugation, a bow and arrows (sometimes with Rāgarāja shooting the arrow into the heavens), and the last one holding something that we cannot see (referred to by advanced esoteric practitioners as "THAT".) Rāgarāja is most commonly depicted sitting in full lotus position atop an urn that ejects jewels showing beneficence in granting wishes. He is portrayed as a red-skinned man with a fearsome appearance, a vertical third eye and flaming wild hair that represents rage, lust and passion. Also the Lustful-Tinted Wisdom King was popular amongst Chinese tradesmen who worked in the fabric-dying craft, typically accomplished with sorghum.
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Gravestone (center) in Green Mount Cemetery Following Hopkins' death, The Baltimore Sun wrote a lengthy obituary that closed thus: "In the death of Johns Hopkins a career has been closed which affords a rare example of successful energy in individual accumulations, and of practical beneficence in devoting the gains thus acquired to the public." His contribution to the university that has become his greatest legacy was, by all accounts, the largest philanthropic bequest ever made to an American educational institution. Johns Hopkins' Quaker faith and his early life experiences, in particular the 1807 emancipation, had a lasting influence throughout his life and his posthumous legacy as a businessman, railroad man, banker, investor, ship owner, "Merchants & Miners Transportation Co.", "Troopships of World War II" philanthropist and a founder of several Institutions. From very early on, Johns Hopkins had looked upon his wealth as a trust to benefit future generations.
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1\. Respect for Persons Appropriate application of the principles of Respect for Persons, Beneficence, Justice, and Respect for Law and Public Interest requires that Stakeholder Analysis must first be performed. Thorough stakeholder analysis is important to identifying: the correct entity(s) from whom to seek informed consent; the party(s) who bear the burdens or face risks of research; the party(s) who will benefit from research activity; and, the party(s) who are critical to mitigation in the event that chosen risks come to fruition. Informed consent assures that research subjects who are put at risk through their involvement in research understand the proposed research, the purpose for which they are being asked to participate in research, the anticipated benefits of the research, and the risks of the subject's participation in that research. They are then free to choose to accept or decline participation.
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In 1974, Congress passed the National Research Act which established the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (CPHS) and mandated that the Public Health Service come up with regulations that would protect the rights of human research subjects. The Commission work from 1974-1978 resulted in 17 reports and appendices, of which the most important were the Institutional Review Board Report and the Belmont Report ("Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research"). The IRB Report endorsed the establishment and functioning of the Institutional Review Board institution, and the Belmont Report, the Commission's last report, identified "basic ethical principles" applicable to human subject experimentation that became modern guidelines for ethical medical research: "respect for persons", "beneficence" and "justice". In 1975, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (DHEW) created regulation which included the recommendations laid out in the NIH's 1966 Policies for the Protection of Human Subjects.
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When asked during a question session at the University at Buffalo if he believed in a higher power, Tyson responded: "Every account of a higher power that I've seen described, of all religions that I've seen, include many statements with regard to the benevolence of that power. When I look at the universe and all the ways the universe wants to kill us, I find it hard to reconcile that with statements of beneficence."Dale McGowan Atheism For Dummies; In an interview with Big Think, Tyson said, "So, what people are really after is what is my stance on religion or spirituality or God, and I would say if I find a word that came closest, it would be 'agnostic' ... at the end of the day I'd rather not be any category at all." Additionally, in the same interview with Big Think, Tyson mentioned that he edited Wikipedia's entry on him to include the fact that he is an agnostic: > I'm constantly claimed by atheists.
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It seems, however, that this direction of the "Caeremoniale" is to be understood as applying only to greater festivals. During all the Middle Ages the burning of lamps, or sometimes candles, before relics, shrines, statues, and other objects of devotion was a form of piety which greatly appealed to the alms of the faithful. Almost every collection of early English wills bears witness to it, and even in the smaller churches the number of such lights founded by private beneficence was often surprisingly great. It not infrequently happened that every guild and association maintained a special light of its own, and, besides these, we hear constantly of such objects of devotion as the "Jesus light", the "Hok-light" (which seems to have to do with a popular festival kept on the second Monday or Tuesday after Easter Sunday), the "Rood light", the "egg light" (probably maintained by contributions of eggs), the "bachelor's light", the "maiden's light", the "Soul's light", etc.
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Mozart wearing the insignia of the Order of the Golden Spur. Copy, dated 1777, of an older painting dating from his Italian journey As a teenager, Mozart went on tours of Italy, accompanied by his father. During the first of these, Leopold and Wolfgang visited Rome (1770), where Wolfgang was awarded the Order of the Golden Spur, a form of honorary knighthood, by Pope Clement XIV. The papal patent for the award said: > Inasmuch as it behoves the beneficence of the Roman Pontiff and the > Apostolic See that those who have shown them no small signs of faith and > devotion and are graced with the merits of probity and virtue, shall be > decorated with the honours and favors of the Roman Pontiff and the said See. > (4 July 1770)Printed in translation in Deutsch 1965, 123–124 The following day Mozart received his official insignia, consisting of "a golden cross on a red sash, sword, and spurs," emblematic of honorary knighthood.
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The > most glorious trophy of his victory consisted in a multitude of captives, > whom Tiberius entertained, redeemed, and dismissed to their native homes > with the charitable spirit of a Christian hero. The merit or misfortunes of > his own subjects had a dearer claim to his beneficence, and he measured his > bounty not so much by their expectations as by his own dignity. This maxim, > however dangerous in a trustee of the public wealth, was balanced by a > principle of humanity and justice, which taught him to abhor, as of the > basest alloy, the gold that was extracted from the tears of the people. For > their relief, as often as they had suffered by natural or hostile > calamities, he was impatient to remit the arrears of the past, or the > demands of future taxes: he sternly rejected the servile offerings of his > ministers, which were compensated by tenfold oppression; and the wise and > equitable laws of Tiberius excited the praise and regret of succeeding > times.
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Sri Sri Sitaramdas Omkarnath (17 February 1892 – 6 December 1982) was an preeminent Indian Vaishnav Saint, 19th century Bhakti cult spiritual luminary and an unequaled humanitarian from the state of West Bengal, India. Addressed as Sri Sri Thakur Sitaramdas Omkarnath, where "Omkar" signifies the supreme cosmic enlightenment and attaining supreme consciousnes, he was heralded as the Divine Incarnate (Avatar) of Kaliyuga and espoused the doctrines of Sanatan Dharma and Vedic spiritual path to countless devotees from across the world, with central theme and paramount importance on the beneficence of Divine Chanting Naam] of Hare Krishna Hare Ram - regarded as the omnipotent "Tarak Brahma Naam" the chant of soul deliverance in Kaliyuga and "Moksha" liberation from cycle of birth and death. As such, his disciples continue to worship him as an incarnation of the Lord himself and is verily regarded as an eternal source of spiritual enlightenment and soul succour to all seekers. because his life had been predicted in a manuscript of Achyutananda Dasa.
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Many bioethicists emphasise that germline engineering is usually considered in the best interest of a child, therefore associated should be supported. Dr James Hughes, a bioethicist at Trinity College, Connecticut, suggests that the decision may not differ greatly from others made by parents which are well accepted – choosing with whom to have a child and using contraception to denote when a child is conceived. Julian Savulescu, a bioethicist and philosopher at Oxford University believes parents "should allow selection for non‐disease genes even if this maintains or increases social inequality", coining the term procreative beneficence to describe the idea that the children "expected to have the best life" should be selected. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics said in 2017 that there was "no reason to rule out" changing the DNA of a human embryo if performed in the child's interest, but stressed that this was only provided that it did not contribute to societal inequality.
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From the time of the Hippocratic Oath questions of the ethics of medical practice have been widely discussed, and codes of practice have been gradually developed as a response to advances in scientific medicine. The Nuremberg Code, which was issued in August 1947, as a consequence of the so- called Doctors' Trial which examined the human experimentation conducted by Nazi doctors during World War II, offers ten principles for legitimate medical research, including informed consent, absence of coercion, and beneficence towards experiment participants. In 1964, the World Medical Association issued the Declaration of Helsinki, which specifically limited its directives to health research by physicians, and emphasized a number of additional conditions in circumstances where "medical research is combined with medical care". The significant difference between the 1947 Nuremberg Code and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki is that the first was a set of principles that was suggested to the medical profession by the "Doctors’ Trial" judges, whilst the second was imposed by the medical profession upon itself.
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The play was received with mixed results upon its release. It was translated by Michael Madhusudan Dutta and published by Reverend James Long, for which he was sentenced to prison and charged with sedition.Internet Archive: Details: Nil darpan, or, The indigo planting mirror : a drama > I present "The Indigo Planting Mirror" to the Indigo Planters' hands; now, > let every one of them, having observed his face, erase the freckle of the > stain of selfishness from his forehead, and, in its stead, place on it the > sandal powder of beneficence, then shall I think my labour success... It is evident from this wish that it was a piece meant to raise a voice among the elite intellectuals of Kolkata so that the farmers' revolt would be integrated with the urban thinkers. Unlike the Sepoy Revolt, the Indigo Revolt was effectively a revolt integrating the whole population of Bengalis with no distance kept between the several classes of society, which can be attributed to the effort by Mitra, Rev.
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Julian Savulescu coined the phrase procreative beneficence. It is the controversial putative moral obligation of parents in a position to select their children, for instance through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), to favor those expected to have the best life. An argument in favor of this principle is that traits (such as empathy, memory, etc.) are "all-purpose means" in the sense of being instrumental in realizing whatever life plans the child may come to have. In some of his publications he has argued for the following: #that parents have a responsibility to select the best children they could have, given all of the relevant genetic information available to them, a principle that he extends to the use of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and preimplantation genetic diagnoses (PGD) in order to determine the intelligence of embryos and possible children; and #that stem cell research is justifiable even if one accepts the view of the embryo as a person.
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Criticism to proponents of low dead space syringes being distributed to needle exchange programmes claim that real world pilot studies do not exist to support findings within labs. Some proponents point to America and its low prevalence of HIV and hepatitis among people who inject drugs and cite the reason for such low prevalence to low dead space syringes already being the standard preferred syringe in the United States and successful anti- needle sharing campaigns. While other critics argue that in countries like Vietnam, where low dead space needles are distributed and available, have the highest rates of HIV among people who inject drugs. However, proponents claim that low dead space syringes are still difficult to get and many people who use low dead space syringes still use high dead space syringes and thus reduce the beneficence of using low dead space syringes.Low dead space syringes: Authors’ response Zule, William A.; Cross, Harry E.; Stover, John; Pretorius, Carel International Journal of Drug Policy, 2013, Vol.
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Well dressing was celebrated in at least 12 villages in Derbyshire by the late 19th century, and was introduced in Buxton in 1840, "to commemorate the beneficence of the Duke of Devonshire who, at his own expense, made arrangements for supplying the Upper Town, which had been much inconvenienced by the distance to St Anne's well on the Wye, with a fountain of excellent water within easy reach of all". Similarly, well dressing was revived at this time in Youlgreave, to celebrate the supplying of water to the village "from a hill at some distance, by means of pipes laid under the stream of an intervening valley.". With the arrival of piped water the tradition was adapted to include public taps, although the resulting creations were still described as well dressings. The custom waxed and waned over the years, but has seen revivals in Derbyshire, Staffordshire, South Yorkshire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Worcestershire and Kent.
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A Roman column in Brindisi bearing the incomplete inscription: ILLUSTRIS PIVS ACTIB(US) ATQ(UE) REFVLGENS P(RO)TOSPATHA(RIVS) LVPVS VRBEM HANC STRVXIT AB IMO QVAM IMPERATORES MAGNIFICIQ(UE) BENIGNI ... (Lupus Protospatharius, illustrious and pious in his actions of beneficence, reconstructed from the foundation this city, that the magnificent and benign emperors...) It is in reference to the rebuilding of Brindisi after Saracen attacks in the ninth century, and so any connection with the supposed author of the Annales barenses must be tenuous at best. Lupus Protospatharius Barensis was the reputed author of the Chronicon rerum in regno Neapolitano gestarum (also called Annales Lupi Protospatharii), a concise history of the Mezzogiorno from 805 to 1102. He has only been named as the author since the seventeenth century. Lupus, along with two other Bariot chronicles, the Annales barenses and the Anonymi Barensis Chronicon, used some lost ancient annals of Bari up to 1051.
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Among his works are: group of five figures representing La Salute for Villa Mylius at Loveno on Lago di Como; an aedicule with statue representing Charity conducting an orphan at Cimitero Maggiore of Milan; monument with statue representing Beneficence accompanying a blind child bringing a crown, also at the cemetery, dedicated to a benefactor of the Institute for the Blind in Milan; La Religione, a large statue in an aedicule for Keller; and finally a statue and medallion of La Mestizia at the same cemetery. He also sculpted the Bishop Novasconi statue in the Duomo of Cremona; La Martire; and the Song of Innocence (Sonno dell'Innocenza); A Bather; Eve after her Sin; La Rosa degli Amori; and Perseus freeing Andromeda (1884). Several of his works have won prizes at the Esposizione Nazionale of Florence, the Esposizione Internazionale of Paris, the Esposizione Internazionale of Munich (including silver medal for his Sonno dell' Innocenza, which had won gold prize at Paris), and also in Vienna, Philadelphia, and Santiago de Chile. In 1867 he was knighted into the legion d'Onore of France.
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In his article of 2002, Alan A. Stone, who as a member of team had examined Pyotr Grigorenko and found him mentally healthy in 1979, disregarded the findings of the World Psychiatric Association and the later avowal of Soviet psychiatrists themselves and put forward the academically revisionist theory that there was no political abuse of psychiatry as a tool against pacific dissidence in the former USSR. He asserted that it was time for psychiatry in the Western countries to reconsider the supposedly documented accounts of political abuse of psychiatry in the USSR in the hope of discovering that Soviet psychiatrists were more deserving of sympathy than condemnation. In Stone's words, he believes that Snezhnevsky was wrongly condemned by critics. According to Stone, one of the first points the Soviet psychiatrists who have been condemned for unethical political abuse of psychiatry make is that the revolution is the greatest good for the greatest number, the greatest piece of social justice, and the greatest beneficence imaginable in the twentieth century.
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Chatterton's painting, "Henry Wear's Place," of about 1920 (shown at right) is an example of his early work in Maine. When it was shown in 1927, Margaret Breuning of the New York Evening Post said "'Henry Weare's Place' with its beautiful elm, and umbrageous fountain spreading its beneficence over the little frame house huddling close to its great trunk, reveals the newer, mellower vein that this artist is developing with no loss of power in statement or design." In 1925 Chatterton convinced the Wildenstein Gallery to mount a solo exhibition of his work and the following year the gallery included his painting "Clinton Square, Newburgh" in a group of representative American paintings in a traveling exhibition that toured Europe and South America. When Wildenstein gave him a second solo exhibition in 1927 Margaret Breuning said his works were ""stimulating in design and warm with a sense of human living" A critic for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle added, "What Edward Hopper has done for the mansard roof of architecture of the 80's, Chatterton has accomplished for the early American homestead.
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No one, either religious or irreligious, > believes that the hurtful agencies of nature, considered as a whole, promote > good purposes, in any other way than by inciting human rational creatures to > rise up and struggle against them. [...] Whatsoever, in nature, gives > indication of beneficent design proves this beneficence to be armed only > with limited power; and the duty of man is to cooperate with the beneficent > powers, not by imitating, but by perpetually striving to amend, the course > of nature - and bringing that part of it over which we can exercise control > more nearly into conformity with a high standard of justice and goodness. In his 1892 book Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress, the English writer and naturalist Henry Stephens Salt focused an entire chapter on the plight of wild animals, "The Case of Wild Animals". Salt wrote that: > It is of the utmost importance to emphasize the fact that, whatever the > legal fiction may have been, or may still be, the rights of animals are not > morally dependent on the so-called rights of property; it is not to owned > animals merely that we must extend our sympathy and protection.
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Here is the origin of Leeds Grammar School which, first housed in the Calls, and subsequently—through the beneficence of John Harrison—in Lady Lane, had by the end of that century become an institution of vast importance. A 1560 map of Leeds As the sixteenth century drew to a close, and while the seventeenth was still young, the towns-folk of Leeds secured in the first instance at their own cost, in the second by a strictly limited Royal favour two important privileges—the right of electing their own vicar and of governing themselves in municipal affairs. In 1583 the town bought the advowson of the parish church from its then possessor, Oliver Darnley, for £130, and henceforth the successive vicars were chosen by a body of trustees—the most notably successful experiment in popular election which has ever been known in the National Church. In 1626, Leeds received its first charter of incorporation from Charles I. The charter, premising that Leeds in the County of York is an ancient and populous town, whose inhabitants are well acquainted with the Art and Mystery of making Woollen Cloths, sets up a governing body of one Alderman, nine Burgesses, and twenty Assistants.
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These are pensions traditionally granted by the Sovereign from the Civil List upon the recommendation of the First Lord of the Treasury. The Civil List Act 1837 applied the condition that any new pensions should be "granted to such persons only as have just claims on the royal beneficence or who by their personal services to the Crown, or by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their sovereign and the gratitude of their country."Civil List Act 1837 (c.2) Famous recipients include William Wordsworth, William Barnes,Chris Wrigley, 'Barnes, William (1801–1886)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2006 accessed 7 Sept 2017 Geraldine Jewsbury,Joanne Wilkes, 'Jewsbury, Geraldine Endsor (1812–1880)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 7 Sept 2017 Margaret Oliphant, Elisabeth Jay, 'Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant Wilson (1828–1897)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 7 Sept 2017 Christopher Logue,Jeremy Noel-Tod, 'Logue, (John) Christopher (1926–2011)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2015 accessed 7 Sept 2017 and Molly Parkin.
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